Vincent Willem Van Gogh The Most Important Legend

Vincent Willem van Gogh is one of the most important legend[s] in art history. He was born [born] on 30 March 1853 in Groot-Zundert , yet raise[d] in Netherlands, but moved around the world frequently as a child and as a man. Vincent Van Goh was a major Post-Impressionist painter through[wc] 30 March 1853 – 29 July 1890. He was born to upper middle class parents and spent his early adulthood working for a firm of art dealers. Vincent[don’t use first names unless you know them personally, which you don’t – because he’s dead] drew as a child but did not paint until his late twenties[, - runon] completing many of his best-known works during the last two years of his life. His painting includes self-portraits, landscapes, still life’s, portraits and paintings of cypresses, wheat fields and sunflowers. His first major work he painted was called â€Å"The Potato Eaters† which was painted in 1885. [Van] Gogh decided what he wanted to be in life and soon realized that painting was the only way to let out his feelings from the rejection and failure in his life. Vincent had one brother and one sister. Theo was Vincent’s father and Anna was his mother, [run-on] both born in Holland, yet Van Gogh was not always accepted by his family. They had Vincent Willem van Gogh on March 30th, 1852 on the same exact date as their other child was born first, named Vincent also, but still was a stillborn baby[confusing A twin]. Two years after his birth, a sister named

Financial Accounting 1 - 4890 Words

FINAL EXAM 1 1. Which of the following is the fundamental accounting equation? Current assets + Current liabilities = Owners equity Assets + Owners equity = Liabilities Cash = Debts + Common stock Assets = Liabilities + Owners equity 2. On December 31, 2014, Track Record Inc.s sales people have ï ¬ rm outstanding orders totaling $1.66 million, which, it has guaranteed its customers, will be fulï ¬ lled during the month of January 2015. If Track Record includes the $1.66 million in its sales ï ¬ gures for 2014, it will be violating the: Materiality concept Historical cost concept Dual-aspect concept Realization concept 3. Which one of the following best describes a balance sheet? A description of the entitys operations over a period of time A†¦show more content†¦remotely possible economic resources may be sacriï ¬ ced in the future reasonably possible economic resources may be sacriï ¬ ced in the future reasonably certain economic resources may be sacriï ¬ ced in the future 11. The realization concept states that revenue is recorded when: It has been earned and realized or realizable All the associated costs have been paid in cash It has been received in cash 12. On its June 30, 2015 balance sheet, Barrows Corporation has total assets of $100,000, current liabilities of $40,000, and owners equity of $60,000. Which one of the following statements must be true on June 30, 2015? It has current assets of $40,000 It has no long-term liabilities? It has a cash balance of $40,000 raised through short-term debt None of the above 13. Turnadot Sons is a small wholesaler of decorative cast iron objects. The following events, related to a special customer order, occur as described below: †¢ August 5, 2015: Turnadot receives the special order for 200 outdoor planters at a selling price of $50 each, including delivery at a future convenient time and location. The customer, with whom Turnadot has had a long-term, trouble-free relationship, pays $3,000 as a deposit and agrees to pay the rest on delivery. Turnadot immediately orders $4,000 worth of planters from its supplier and pays a $1,000 deposit for them. †¢ August 27, 2015: Turnadot pays $3,000 balance due to the supplier upon delivery of the planters to its warehouse. †¢Show MoreRelatedFinancial Accounting 14806 Words   |  20 PagesMultiple Choice: 1. In general terms, financial assets appear in the balance sheet at: a. Face value b. Current value c. Cost d. Estimated future sales value 2. Which of the following practices contributes to efficient cash management? a. Never borrow money – maintain a cash balance sufficient to make all necessary payments. b. 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Analysis of the Warehouse Automation Failure at Sainsbury’s Free Essays

Abstract All organizational departments play a collective role in ensuring that the intended goals and targets are achieved. It is vital that they work together because the whole is greater than the sum of the parts. Because of the connection that exists amongst different departments, failure in one department may have a detrimental effect to the entire organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of the Warehouse Automation Failure at Sainsbury’s or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this regard, this report addresses the case of warehouse failure at Sainsbury’s. It provides an in-depth discussion of the failure and utilizes Porter’s value chain analysis model to explore how failures in primary and supporting activities from the model might have contributed to this. Introduction One of the responsibilities of managers is ensuring that all components or departments within the organization work effectively. This is because success in organization is dependent on the contributions made by different departments. There have been several cases where failure in a single department has adversely affected all operations of the company. This paper seeks to address this management issue by focusing on the failures that occurred in the warehouse automation strategy at Sainsbury’s in 2004 (Double Loop, 2013). It is based on the view that there are many operational failures or disasters occur due to managers’ lack of understanding about the whole organization. This leads to problems in the synchronization of different organizational functions. An Overview of Sainsbury’s Sainsbury’s is one of the largest supermarket chains in the United Kingdom, with a current market share of 17.7%. Apart from running the supermarket business, the brand also deals in the banking and property industries. Since it was founded in 1869, the company has undergone a phenomenal growth. Currently, it runs more than 1,106 convenience stores and supermarkets, and has more than 150,000 employees. The company operates both as a wholesaler and as a retailer (Sainsbury’s, 2014). It has stores that comprise of supermarkets, convenience stores, and pharmacies. In the supermarkets’ category, the company runs Sainsbury’s cafe and Sainsbury’s fuel. It also has an online business referred to as Sainsbury’s online, and comprises of Sainsbury’s Energy, Entertainment, Compare and Save, and Sainsbury’s gift cards. There are also banking and mobile businesses that are run by the company. Even with this level of success that the company presently enjoys, it has also undergone a number of challenges, some of which have led to heavy losses. Key among these was the warehouse project failure in 2004 (O’Brien, 2004). Warehouse automation failure at Sainsbury’s The warehouse automation project commenced in 2000 and had originally been meant to improve the efficiency of the company’s supply chain. The project was under the â€Å"business transformation programme†, whose key planks were Electronic Point Sale (EPOS), supply chain management, and outsourcing of its IT projects to Accenture. The warehouse automation project was intended to overhaul and improve supply chain management of the company. The company had originally intended to make installations of automated fulfilment systems in one of its distribution centres, Waltham Point in Essex. This is the company’s biggest depot, and distributes stock around London and southeast England. By implementation of a barcode based fulfilment system though this project, it was projected that it could make the company’s warehousing operations more streamlined and efficient (Double Loop, 2013). Three years into the launch of the business transformation programme, the CEO who had launched the project reported that it was on the right track, and had saved the whole organization a total amount of ?700 million. However, it was later realized that automation system had developed technical issues, mainly errors in reading barcodes. Not only did this failure affect the company’s operations, it also caused contractual rows between Sainsbury’s and Accenture, financial losses and undue attention from media. With reference to O’Brien (2004), implementation of this project led to a pre-tax loss of ?39 million in the first half of 2004, the worst that the company had ever recorded in its 139 years of operation. This also made the company lose ground to its competitors in the market, which included Asda and Tesco (Double Loop, 2013). Causes of the failure This failure can be attributed to several management issues in the company. One of these was the situation on which IT projects, which were to facilitate the automation project, were outsourced to another company (Abdullah Verner, 2012). Even though the company being outsourced to might have had a good reputation in implementing such projects, the lack of involvement by parent company managers in the monitoring and evaluation of the project can affect the attainment of the intended objective (Alexander Walker, 2013). The minimal involvement by Sainsbury’s management in this project explains why it took three years and a change in leadership to realize that the project was not likely to attain its set objectives (Alexander Walker, 2013). Another possible cause, which has also been identified by Double Loop (2013) is that there was insufficient engagement between the company’s CEO and its IT suppliers in projecting the possible key business and IT risks. For this reason, no delivery strategy that could tackle these challenges was promptly designed (Chermack, 2011). This can also be considered as the lack of sufficient preparations by the then CEO (Sir Peter Davis) before the initiation of the project. Insufficient preparation exposes projects to the risk of possible failure and over-expenditure (Kardes et al., 2013). There was also a communication problem, which can be mainly blamed on Sir Peter Davis. Whereas it must have been known to him that the project could probably fail to serve its intended objective, his presentation about the project to the public was that its progress was as planned and that by 2003, it had saved the company ?700 million. Had the issues been frankly and promptly pointed out, necessary measures could have been undertaken to avert the heavy loss that was later incurred (Aula Siira, 2010). Given that this failure was associated with the warehouse automation exercise at Sainsbury’s warehouse automation project, it is also worth noting that the failure might have been partly caused by automation challenges. The fact that automated system failed to operate as it was intended to, indicates that all the inputs in terms of time, money and resources were lost (Kardes et al., 2013). Porter’s Value chain Analysis of the Failure Porter’s value chain model can be used to identify the primary and supporting activities which contributed to the failure at Sainsbury’s According to Porter (1985), generic value added activities can be divided into two. These are primary activities and support activities. Primary activities comprise of inbound and outbound logistics, sales and marketing, services and operations. Supporting activities, on the other hand, comprise of firm infrastructure, senior management roles, internal culture, procurement, outsourcing and technological developments. The model is represented in the diagram below, in which the functions that contributed to the failure at Sainsbury’s have been marked. Fig. 1: Sainsbury’s value chain components that contributed to the failure in warehouse automation The functions marked in the value chain model above have been identified as the contributors towards the identified failure. They are explained in more detail below: Outbound logistics: in the value chain, outbound logistics are referred to as activities that mainly relate to transference of goods to customers through warehousing. The automation of the warehouse at Sainsbury’s was being done so as to facilitate this primary activity in the organization. The failure of the warehouse automation to effectively take place thus affected the activities in outbound logistics (Zott et al., 2011). Senior management Roles: There was a failure by the senior management, led by the company’s CEO to effectively make an exhaustive plan of the warehouse automation project, which could have identified the potential risks and contributed to the formulation of possible strategies to overcome these challenges (Kardes et al., 2013). Another failure by the management was in terms of their involvement in the implementation of the project, only to identify issues three years after implementation of the project (Double Loop, 2013). Internal Communications: This function refers to how effectively and accurately information is passed within the organizational precinct (Wright, 2012). The failure was due to the miscommunication by the CEO, where he purported that the project was on the right track and had in fact saved the company a reasonable amount of money. This shows that he was either being given the wrong information by the contractor company or he was presenting wrong information about the project. Technology developments: It has to be acknowledged that the company’s agenda was to improve its service delivery to its customers through technological innovation. However, given that the entire automation project failed to materialize, it can be argued that there was a technological development failure. According to Porter’s (1985) model, technological development comprises of all activities that relate to the processing and management of information. It also involves the activities undertaken in ensuring that the organization keeps up with the latest technological changes. Outsourcing: The IT automation project was undertaken by Accenture, an outsourced IT company, which failed to deliver the intended automation results, and ultimately led to the cancellation of the contract (Double Loop, 2013). Conclusion This paper has presented a case of warehouse automation failure at Sainsbury’s in 2004. With the help of the Porter’s value chain model, several primary and supporting activities that might have contributed to the failure have been identified. The identified primary activities are inbound logistics and outbound logistics. Supporting activities are outsourcing, technology developments, internal communications and senior management roles. The fact that all these activities affected and were also affected by the warehouse automation failure at Sainsbury’s proves that many operational failures or disasters that occur because there is lack of understanding of the whole organization, resulting in problems in the synchronization of different organizational functions. References Alexander, A. Walker, H., 2013. Sustainable supply chain management: towards a systems theory perspective. Dublin: EUROMA conference. Double Loop, 2013. Sainsbury’s Warehouse Automation Project. [Online] Available at:http://www.doubleloopconsulting.com/sainsbury-warehouse-automation [Accessed 6 March 2014]. Kardes, I., Ozturk, A., Cavusgil, S.T. Cavusgil, E., 2013. Managing global megaprojects: Complexity and risk management. International Business Review, 22(6), pp.905-17. O’Brien, L., 2004. Digital disaster. [Online] Available at:http://www.supplymanagement.com/analysis/features/2004/digital-disaster/ [Accessed 6 March 2014]. Porter, M., 1985. Competitive Advantage. New York: Free Press. Sainsbury’s, 2014. About us. [Online] Available at: http://www.j-sainsbury.co.uk/about-us/ [Accessed 6 March 2014]. Zott, C., Amit, R. Massa, L., 2011. The business model: recent developments and future research. Journal of Management , 37(4), pp.1019-42. Abdullah, L.M. Verner, J.M., 2012. Analysis and application of an outsourcing risk framework. Journal of Systems and Software, 85(8), pp.1930-52. Aula, P. Siira, K., 2010. Organizational Communication and Conflict Management Systems: A Social Complexity Approach. Nordicom Review, 31, pp.125-41. Chermack, T.J., 2011. Scenario Planning in Organizations. California: Berrett-Koehler. Wright, M., 2012. Gower Handbook of Internal Communication. Burlington: Gower Publishing. How to cite Analysis of the Warehouse Automation Failure at Sainsbury’s, Essay examples

Strategic and Quantitative Leadership Study †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about theStrategic and Quantitative Leadership Study. Answer: Brief summary of the theory and discussion of progression in the field: As per the article by Othman et al. (2014), the strategic leadership style is likely to create impact on the performance level of the RD department of an organization. The logic of leadership needs to focus on assessing the past challenges of the projects in order to encounter the issue in current situation. Quantitative leadership study by Judge, Colbert and Ilies (2004) primarily focuses on assessing the relationship between intelligence and leadership. It highlighted the fact that leadership is about paying attention to captured data for enhancing the effectives of the leadership decisions. Parry et al. (2014) has highlighted on the fact that subjective examination and appropriate development of hypothesis is likely to create positive impact on leadership styles and procedures. Qualitative leadership procedures are likely to allow examining different aspect of a specific situation. Stentz, Clark and Matkin (2012) have indicated that effective utilization of both qualitative and quantitative approach is likely to allow leaders to use hypothesis and data about specific topic. As a result, mixed method research is likely to provide new dimension to the decision making process of leaders. Discussion of common themes: Leadership focuses on different aspect of the working environment including administration, work culture, employee skill enhancement and other fundamental parts. For that reason, leaders often have to take critical decisions about different organizational procedure for achieving business goals and objectives. Now, all these exploration approaches will help the leaders to identify relevant trend or expected outcome of a particular strategy. For instance, quantitative examination will provide a numeric figure regarding the percentage of increase or decrease about a specific topic within a certain period of time. On the other hand, conceptual and qualitative approaches will leaders to identify the prime cause of the trends. Therefore, it will eventually allow leaders to take innovative and effective decision for achieving success in the market. Thus, all the articles have primarily focused on assessing the best possible way for utilizing leadership within workplace. Discussion of different themes: In spite of that, each article has tried to highlight different areas and perspectives of leadership style. Quantitative article has focused on accumulating various answers about the leadership and intelligence. It has included Meta analysis procedure to highlight the relationship between intelligence with effectiveness of the leadership. Conversely, conceptual article focused identifying the best possible leadership style for encouraging innovative RD activities. On the other hand, qualitative article has highlighted the significance of assessing different perspective about a particular incident. Finally, mixed method research article has illustrated the significance of using all four approaches for enhancing the overall quality of the leadership procedures. Discussion of study limitations how limitations differ across the research designs: The study focuses on analyzing the vast concept of leadership with the inclusion of different theories and models. There is no specific measure for assessing the effectiveness of the leadership. As a result, it would be very difficult to explain which approach is likely to create greater impact on the leadership attitudes. Therefore, businesses will have to depend on occurred situation to identify the best possible way to utilize leadership. Emphasizing too much on the number can induce leadership to avoid different feelings and perceptions of the employees. Similarly avoiding numbers can also minimize the effectiveness of the leadership. Discussion of future research directions (commonalities differences): Leaders will have to focus on assessing both internal and external aspects of the businesses in order to overcome all the challenges in an effective manner. Conceptual and qualitative exploration method will allow leaders to identify best possible way to create strong interpersonal relationship with the other leaders. On the other hand, qualitative research method will highlight the most critical areas that leaders will have to counter for maximizing the impact on the business procedure. Combined research approach is likely to provide help to the leaders to deal with the future market related challenges comprehensively.

“the Effectiveness of Teaching Moral Values to Elementary free essay sample

ABSTRACT Nowadays, we need the improvement in intensity and quality of character building implementation in formal educational institution. This claim is based on the growing social phenomenon, namely the increasing juvenile delinquency in society, such as brawl and various other cases of moral decadence. These phenomena are obviously not expected to happen in our society. Therefore, the formal education institutions which are functioned to create the younger generation is expected to increase its role in the formation of personality of students through increased intensity and quality of character education.Since the reformation of our national curriculum, we have been developing new methods in building the students’ character, which we know better in schools as character education. It has been applied to the national curriculum method which turns around developing â€Å"good character† in students by practicing and teaching moral values and life skill. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"the Effectiveness of Teaching Moral Values to Elementary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Moral values and life skill can be taught in a fun way using the media such as music, specifically songs which has a good moral values and life skill.This paper reports the effectiveness of using character development songs in teaching moral values and life skill in SDN Adiarsa III Karawang. The samples taken will be only the 6th grade students. Data are collected through interview and classroom activity. The study reveals that the effectiveness of using character development songs in teaching moral values is unexpectedly successful, though there are some difficulties in organizing the 6th grade class which are great in number.This study is expected to give contribution to those who are planning to conduct a research on character building in English Language Teaching (ELT). Research Question 1)How can songs as a media in CTL of ELT be implemented in teaching moral values? 2)The students’ response to the use of character building songs in CTL of ELT to teach moral values to the 6th Grade students in SDN Adiarsa III Karawang. Background Nowadays, the need of improvement in intensity and quality character ducation implementation in formal educational institutions is increasing. This idea is based on the growing social phenomenon, namely the increasing juvenile delinquency in society, such as a mass brawl and various other cases of moral decadences. These phenomena are obviously n ot expected to happen in our society. Therefore, the formal education institutions which are functioned to create the younger generation is expected to increase its role in the formation of personality of students through increased intensity and quality of character education. Before we discuss further about the need of character education nowadays, it is better to know the definition of character itself. The Sage’s English Dictionary and Thesaurus defines character as â€Å"the inherent complex of attributes that determines a person’s moral and ethical actions and reactions†. American Dictionary of the English Language defines character to be â€Å"the stable and distinctive qualities built into an individual’s life which determine his or her response regardless of circumstances†.Abraham Lincoln once said that, â€Å"Reputation is the shadow. Character is the tree. † Our character is not just what we try to display for others to see, it is who we are even when no one is watching. Good character is doing the right thing because it is right to do what is right. Nancy A. Wood (2008) defines character as an evaluation of a particular individuals moral qualities. It can also imply a variety of attributes including the existence of lack of virtues such as integrity, courage, fortitude, honesty and loyalty, or of good behaviors or habits.When someone is a moral character, it is primarily referring to the assemblage of qualities that distinguish one individual from another. Character building is the way to strengthen one’s character by molds oneself into a productive person within one’s sphere of influence. Developing such personal qualities seems as a purpose of education. Character building in school, we call this term as character education, is applied to the national curriculum method that turns around developing â€Å"good character† in students by practicing and teaching moral values and decision making. On the other word, character education is an investment system of the character values to the citizens of schools that include components of knowledge, awareness or volition, and actions to implement those values (Bila Nastiti, 2010). As Theodore Roosevelt expresses that to educate a person in mind and not in morals is to educate a menace society. His statement implies that if we want to make students good at not only cognitive aspect but also have a competent in moral aspect, we should educate them in a pleasurable condition. Songs are one of a pleasurable media to teach moral values in English subject.English teachers can use songs as part of their classroom teaching repertoire. Larry M. Lynch (2010), states that songs contain authentic language, is easily obtainable, provide vocabulary, grammar and cultural aspects and are fun for the students, especially to Elementary students. The 6th grade elementary students somehow will enter Junior High School later. This is a stage of adolescence for them. According to Ghifari (2004), adolescence is a group of people who are leaving childhood full of childhood dependency and towards the establishment of responsibility.Therefore, teaching moral values through education is important to be implemented in early education, as well as an early preparation for them to face their adolescence later. This research titled â€Å"The Students’ Response to the Use of English Character Building Songs in CTL of ELT to Teach Moral Values to the 6th Grade Students in SDN Adiarsa III Karawang†, is carried out to see how the students response to the implementation of using character building songs in teaching moral values to them.In order to accomplish this purpose, the writer conducts a teaching simulation of Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) using songs as a media in English Language Teaching (ELT) and wrote their r esponses through interview to conclude how the students response. The writer also purposes to see how songs as one of a pleasurable media, can be implemented to teach moral values to the young learners, specifically to the 6th grade elementary students.

Journeys End by R C Sherriff Essays

Journeys End by R C Sherriff Essays Journeys End by R C Sherriff Paper Journeys End by R C Sherriff Paper Essay Topic: Literature A dramatic analysis of Act three, Scene one, showing how R. C Sherriff brings the raid to life and conveys the horror of war, despite the limitations of the stage. The author of the play R. C Sherriff, was an officer in the First World War. The play is based upon his real life experiences. He wrote several other plays, but it is for Journeys End that he is best remembered. The play shows the horrific conditions in the trenches. It also shows the class divide between the officers and the men. The scene is set in a dugout in the British trenches before St. Quentin. It is the 20th March 1918. Seven months before the end of the First World War. The dugout is bare and gloomy with make shift seats, a bed and a large table. The walls are of bare earth with a few pictures of girls pinned to them. There are candles burning and faint sound of the war. The front line is only fifty yards away. Act three, scene one, begins with Stanhope, the commanding officer, pacing up and down. It is dusk and a glow from the setting sun focuses the audiences attention solely on him. His mood is agitated and anxious. Two officers, Osbourne and Raleigh and ten other men are to go over the top of the trench to find out what is happening on the Germans front line. They hope to cross seventy yards of no-mans land, and go through the Germans wire fences. Their object is to see where the German troops are and to capture a couple of young Germans if possible. This is a very dangerous thing to do and Stanhope is worried. He would have prepared it to take place earlier in the afternoon during daylight. Stanhope glances anxiously at his watch, nineteen minutes to go. He shouts for Mason who is his servant and therefore has a separate dugout. He asks for coffee then continues to pace restlessly to and fro. The colonel of the regiment enters the scene by the steps into the dugout, and asks if everything is ready. The commanding officer tries to convey to the colonel that he thinks is a mistake. The atmosphere is tense. The colonel is accused of not doing enough to avoid the raid and have the plans altered. The colonel then becomes assertive. He tries to justify the raid by saying the Germans did the same to the British a few days before. Stanhope persists by saying, Why seven? He implies sarcastically that any other time might have interrupted the Colonels dinner. The effect is that the Colonels priorities are wrong. He is putting his routine of meals and writing reports before the lives of men. Stanhopes contempt of the Colonel and the situation are portrayed. They continue to argue. Stanhope is concerned that the British mortars will not blow a hole in the German wire fence. They plan to drop smoke bombs to cover the men, Stanhope says they will not have to go over the top until the smoke is thick enough. He knows that there are a dozen machine guns trained on their dugout, just waiting. The Colonel and Stanhope continue their dialogue. The Colonel is concerned about any prisoners they take being knocked out before they get them back to the British lines. He is using the words knocked out as a euphemism for death. As though it would be bad look to actually mention death. The Colonel then tries to persuade Stanhope that it will be all right. After all, its only sixty yards. He says, Osbournes a cool, level headed chap, and Raleighs the very man to dash in. They discuss the men who are to go with the two officers. Stanhope says, The best. All youngsters, strong keen chaps. This means that they are just very young boys. Red rags have been tied to the wire to show the men the gap in the fence. The Colonel asks if these have upset the men. Stanhope says it is hard to say, but that he is upset that the men are making a joke of it. It is obvious that these red rags make them think of blood. At this point Osbourne and Raleigh come down the steps to the dugout. The Colonel says, Well Osbourne, everything ready? Osbourne says yes and that the men will stand by at three minutes to. The Colonel asks if they will go when the smoke thickens. Osbourne is very matter of fact, Thats right sir. Stanhope shouts, Mason! at the dugout, and the coffee is brought in. he is concerned about the men and asks Osbourne if they have been given their rum. The Colonel asks, Are they cheerful? Stanhope tells the Colonel that he thinks the men would appreciate a word of encouragement from him. The Colonel seems reluctant to speak to them, but Stanhope persuades him that it is the right thing to do. Grudgingly the Colonel prepares to leave. This is an awkward moment in the play. He pauses then clears his throats before taking Osbournes then Raleighs hand to wish them luck. They both realise that they are probably about to die, but nothing is said. The Colonel emphasises the importance of what they are doing and promises them a medal if they succeed. Stanhope and the Colonel then prepare to leave but the Colonel says over his shoulder that they must empty their pockets of any papers. Raleigh exclaims, Oh, no and goes into his dugout to empty his pockets. This shows him as being young and nai ve. Osbourne calls Stanhope back. They have had a close relationship. Both coming from wealthy public school backgrounds. He gives Stanhope a letter, his watch and his ring, awkwardly asking him to give them to his wife if anything should happen to him. This shows that he is very uncertain that he will return. Stanhope tries to reassure him but does not sound very convincing. The impression is they will not see each other again. As Stanhope leaves the dugout he lingers and takes one last look at Osbourne. He then reluctantly leaves the scene. Raleigh returns and he and Osbourne are alone in the dugout. Osbourne smokes his pipe and Raleigh has a cigarette. They decide against having some rum in case it makes them, A bit muzzy. And they stir their coffees in silence. The mood is very serious. They look each other in the eye and Osbourne asks Raleigh how he feels. They are edgy and tense, just wanting the time to pass so that they can get going. They decide to have one last look at the map and go through their final plans. Suddenly Raleigh loses his courage. He says, Oh Lord, I cant. Osbourne states, You must! Raleigh reverts to his public school outlook. He shows his youth and inexperience, How topping if we both get the M. C.! The conversation continues in a meaningless way. Osbourne trying to keep the conversation away from the raid, but Raleigh wants to talk about it. He is starting to think about how badly the Boche will shell them as they cross no-mans land. Osbourne starts to quote poetry to take Raleighs mind off things. Osbourne shows how much more mature he is than Raleigh in this scene. They touch on thoughts of home, places they both know. They make a tentative plans to visit each other after the war, each describing places they know and love. The time passes slowly. Osbourne looks at his watch. Two minutes to go. Raleigh notices Osbournes ring on the table. The lighting at this point should pick out Raleigh as he realises that Osbourne does not really expect to return. There is an uncomfortable silence. Osbourne then tries to prepare himself. They hang a lanyard round their necks to hold their revolvers. The feel of the weapon gives them a sense of security. They put on their helmets. Osbourne looks back at his still lighted pipe with reluctance. A comfortable picture of middle class life is given before they turn to leave. One last look into each others eyes and an assurance that they are glad to have each other and they leave the scene. This scene relies heavily on pathos to generate pity and sympathy in the audience. It draws attention to Raleighs youth and inexperience and to the sort of life the men hope and dream of returning to. The next part of this scene is the actual raid. Solely stage directions rather than it being acted out on stage describe it. The stage is empty of people, only props are left standing. The silence is held as long as possible before the audience starts to fidget. This builds up the tension of the play for the audience. R. C Sherriff brings the raid to life by using sound effects, this means that the audience will have to use a lot of their imagination. There is a heavy use of onomatopoeia and personification. An example of personification is, A vicious rattle of machine guns. The word vicious is used to bring across the aspect of fear to the audience. Examples of onomatopoeia that are used throughout these directions are, Crush, crash, whine, shriek and rattle. These are used to explain the actions of bombs going off. As the directions develop, a crescendo is formed until it reaches its climax. This is when, . the whine of one shell rises above the others to a shriek and a crash. A dark funnel earth leaps beyond the parapet of the trench. After this, the directions create a diminuendo with words such as, A black cloud of smoke rises slowly out of sight. And, Gradually, the noise dies away-. Prove this. Stanhopes voice is heard in an urgent tone. He asks the colonel to come down quickly. The colonel then asks how many, and Stanhope replies only one. This is a use of ambiguity on the audience. The audiences are thinking only one what? One dead? One alive? The stage directions describe Stanhope as being pale and haggard as he comes down the steps. I feel that a better verb could be used in the place of comes. A verb such as staggers or, stumbles would fit the role more suitably. Next, sees the kidnap of the young German boy. A great emphasis on his youth is portrayed. He is always referred to as, Sonny or, boy. Suddenly the boy falls on his knees and sobs out some words in broken English. The word sobs sounds just as a child would do when he/she was scared. With a huge fist, Sergeant Major takes the boy by the collar and draws him to his feet. An emphasis on the boys youth is portrayed again when the Sergeant Major picks him up with a huge fist. The use of his huge fist makes the boy appear very small and frightened. The colonel and the German boy then have a conversation. Some humour is brought across with the colonels pathetic German speaking voice, by his misunderstanding of words. Sergeant Major searches the boy when he refuses to answer what town he came from. He finds a pocket book. There are letters in the case, possibly received from his mother. He clutches at it impulsively. If these letters are from his mother, he probably gets hope and courage from them and possibly a sense of security. Sergeant Major also finds a few juvenile articles in his pockets, Bit o string, sir; you can almost imagine a conker on the end of the string, Little box o fruit drops; pocket-knife, sir; bit o cedar pencil, there is a touch of pathos here. A full cedar pencil is excusable, but only a bit of, seems very juvenile. . And a stick o chocolate, sir. I think that Sergeant Major feels sorry for the German boy. He turns to him with a smile and calls him sonny, which puts him at ease. The German boy bows stiffly to the colonel, showing respect. Even though he is the enemy, he recognised the colonel as a commanding officer. The colonel is deeply absorbed in the Germans pay book. He rises quickly. He will be going back to headquarters with the splendid news hoping for promotion. He is pleased with the success of the mission and not bothered about the men who went through it. At this point, the audience awaits the return of Osbourne and Raleigh. Stanhope comes slowly down the steps, in disbelief and shock. The colonel excitedly shouts, Splendid Stanhope, weve got all we wanted- 20th Wurtemburgers!. I must go right away and phone the brigadier. Hell be very pleased about it, its a feather in our cap Stanhope. This shows the colonels ignorance. He doesnt even ask about the men, all hes interested in is scoring brownie points with the Brigadier. Stanhope replies, How awfully nice- if the Brigadiers pleased. In a sarcastic tone. Stanhope is astonished that the colonel could be so insensitive. The colonel then realises what he has said and feels very uncomfortable, Oh- er- what about the raiding party- are they safely back? Stanhope replies, Did you expect them to be all safely back, sir? Stanhope makes the colonel feel bad. He answers the colonels question with another question. Stanhope then informs the colonel of Osbournes death. The colonel says, Im very sorry, poor Osbourne! Stanhope then replies, Still, itll be awfully nice if the Brigadiers pleased. Stanhope and the colonel are uneasy with each other. Raleigh comes slowly down the steps, walking as if he were asleep. The colonel turns to the boy with enthusiasm, Well done, my boy. Ill get you a military cross for this! Splendid! it is almost as if the colonel is trying to forget about Osbourne already. The youth factor of Raleigh is portrayed again in this part of the play. He is always referred to as boy. Raleigh went over the top a nai ve schoolboy and he came back a disillusioned man. Raleigh sits on the edge of Osbournes bed, just like hes on automatic pilot. There is a silence in the trench outside. This could be a silence for no more raid, no more Osbourne. It is a respectful silence. This silence also builds up the tension and suspense. There is a dominant sense of loss in the room. Stanhope sits staring at the table where Osbourne left his watch and ring. Stanhope and Raleighs eyes meet. Stanhope speaks, his voice expressionless and dead, Must you sit on Osbournes bed? Stanhope has lost a good friend, the person he used to trust. His confidant. Raleigh, in his solitary position, rises unsteadily and murmurs, Sorry. The scene finishes with the stage directions, Heavy guns are booming miles away. This emphasises the fact that the war is happening wider than this. Everything still happens.

Design awareness 101 homework 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Design awareness 101 homework 3 - Essay Example The logo, according to one of the interviewees was created in the 1960s. It is evident that the ability to adjust and attain a more integrated perspective, and the contributions of others has been acknowledged in backing the design process (Hustwit, 2014). It is normally believed that every typeface is good, valuable and unique with the ability to self- realize the objectives of the designer. In considering this, designers observe that the beauty of typeface is motivated by the need to remain relevant. Care and attention to self-concept, uniqueness of designers, and the fact hat designing is art the reason transformative learning leans towards humanistic philosophy. Designing is practical form of education is normally related to hypothesis testing and deductive reasoning. The use of participatory forums helps in building and equipping designers with necessary expertise. This way, they are able to acquire skills and improved knowledge that enhances innovations and competitiveness. The Helvetica platform gives designers a chance to further their goals in arts. The analysis on how designers acquire knowledge and develop skills through their work experiences has helped in the growth of the Helvetica. Contextual information of a given typography the viewer to develop a perception of the purpose and intention of the piece of work presented. One’s ability to interpret, explore, and evaluate a piece of art is enhanced through identifying the social, personal, historical, cultural, artistic, educational, spiritual, and political, among other contexts that influence the understanding and creation of typography. By distinguishing how specific contexts typeface together with theme and form, one can be able to identify how proper balance of qualities creat es layers of meaning, thus providing the nature, relevance, and significance of any given design. As such, one would be able to develop an in depth engagement, appreciation and

Non Specific Topics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Non Specific Topics - Essay Example In anticipated inflation, actual inflation will be significantly above expectations or well below. This will result in losses in incomes, and income and wealth is redistributed from one society group to another. Households are able to switch savings into deposits for higher nominal rates in anticipated inflation. Companies will readjust prices and lenders adjust rates of interest. Both of this inflation will affect the economy. Industrial policy is an economic program that is government sponsored where public and private sectors combine efforts to come up with technological and industrial innovations. The government provides the capital and financial support to the private sector. Industry policy enhances cooperation between banks, governments, employees, and private enterprises for strengthening the national economy. Industry policy will focus on positive elements. It will focus on innovation, to come up with better and effective methods of production and business as the product. Industrial policy has clear goals on the short and long term. These goals are to be accomplished through institutional structures set up by the industry policies. Industry policy will also have their weaknesses including its incompatibility with macroeconomic policies. There will also be deficiencies in the infrastructure system. Industrial policy will at times be incoherent with economic instruments. The law of diminishing returns is a principle of short run production. It states that as a firm will continue combining more of an input that is variable with an input that is fixed the marginal product of the input variable will decline eventually. The amount of output per worker and capital per worker relationship is the per-worker production function. In the per-worker production function, there will be a point where there are increasing profits no matter the input by the workers. The output increases at an increasing rate. It will do so up

Media Studies Dissertation Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media Studies Dissertation Plan - Essay Example The images of women as they portrayed in the media are the root of eating disorders that put these women at health risks. In addition, the proposed research meets the criteria for what makes a topic researchable. When finding a topic for research a study of the current literature is vital to the integrity of the proposal. An annotated bibliography will establish that there is efficient evidence, research and future merit for research on the topic. It is important to take the time to verify there is sufficient literature available for the proposed study. When looking for literature it I important to a lot a large portion of time to dedicate to perusing the literature. It is important to find current and past studies, articles and research from scholarly sources. When establishing a topic to research there is some important factors to keep in mind. For instance how current the topic is. If it involves something that has very recently occurred it will be difficult to locate literature on the subject. When planning a research proposal it is also important to arrive at a topic for the proposal taking into consideration that some topics are rarely covered by scholarly publications. For instance, " highly specific current events, little-known individuals, "underground" or alternative trends that haven't made it into even the alternative scholarship yet." (Riley 2002) It is important to take the time to research topics and reviews the literature to see if the topic is credible and worthy of a study o4 further study. Some of the topics that can be considered are anorexia in the music industry, eating disorders in adolescents and the psychological effects of eating disorders. After a review of the literature it was determined that my research will be based on how skinny images of women portrayed by media effects women's health. An assessment of the criteria justifies this study has merit. The criteria for this dissertation plan encompassed planning and planning in stages. This swill gives the research proposal organization and it will be easier to carry out the research if there are clear steps to the process determined prior to the actual conducting of the research. It has been concluded that the research proposal will be conducted using a questionnaire given to females questioning their self-image and the role that the media plays in the way that they feel. After careful consideration, it has been established that the questionnaires will be given to three different age groups of meals in order to establish a pattern through all of the age groups. The research questionnaires will be given to preadolescent females, adolescents, and women in their twenties. A study could include males however thee is no literature that supports that men are affected by the skinny images presented in the media. A future study could include males and body images in the media and steroid use. Annoted Bibliography This scholarly article discussed a study on self objectification and how it can lead to internal awareness, depression and disordered eating. This article didn't concentrate specifically on the media, but suggested that the media is one of that elements that leads to the original awareness of ones body compared to societal standards; which portray thin as good, successful and happy, and fat as bad, ugly and unhappy. Polivy, J., & Herman, P. (2002).

Criminology Essays Crime and Power

Criminology Essays Crime and Power Criminology Crimes of the powerful. Q. Why has the analysis of crimes of the powerful been such a growth area in criminology over the past century? It is tempting to give a simple or even simplistic answer to the above question: it is tempting to say that analysis and theory of crimes of the powerful have grown so quickly in the last century because the quantity and diversity of such crimes have themselves exploded outwards. As the number of crimes committed by the powerful have risen exponentially across the years and continents, so the police forces, crime-prevention agencies and legislators of the governments charged with halting these crimes have had to evolve into larger and more complex organizations also. For instance, amongst myriad forms of organized crime that developed in the twentieth century, one pertinent recent example is the efflorescence of high-tech and internet crime, where professional and international gangs manipulate technology to extort or steal large sums of money from the public. High-tech crime is of course a recent phenomenon; it did not exist at the turn of the last century. Therefore analysis of suc h activities by law agencies has grown to respond to this new threat; moreover, the analysis and prevention of such crimes has had to grow in sophistication and size just as the crimes themselves have done. Organized crime be it narcotic trafficking, prostitution rings, corporate crimes and so on has become a massive international business, and it has required larger agencies equipped with better criminal theory and technology and international cooperation between agencies to deal with it. Moreover, the clear lapse between the professionalism and techniques of many criminal organizations and the law agencies that pursue them will require these agencies to catch-up to the advances of these criminals in the next decades. And, of course, this catch-up will depend heavily upon advances in criminal theory and analysis. Crimes of the powerful are not exclusively concerned with illegal activities of the above description, but also with crimes committed by corporations, by governments, by dictators and even, in an interesting new perspective, by patriarchal gender structures that sanction crimes of power against women. The attention of law agencies and legislators upon these crimes has led to a mass of new analysis and theory by criminologists on the nature of such crimes. Likewise, several theories compete to describe the causes of organized crime and crimes of the powerful. One such theory points to social change as the most profound catalyst in the spread of organized crime and the detection of organized crime. This theory assimilates the teachings of sociology, psychology, anthropology and history to produce a detailed sociological critique of these causes. In the eighteenth or nineteenth centuries, many acts committed by the powerful that would today be classified as criminal were then merely pse udo-illegal or socially disapproved of; they carried no specific criminal offence. But social and legislative advances have made the prosecution of crimes of the powerful easier enact. out. For instance, the prosecution of corporate crime is, theoretically at least, far easier to identify and prosecute than it was in the early twentieth century. Moreover, greater media exposure of the life of corporations and governments has magnified their crimes whenever they are committed. A moment of this essay might be given to discuss exactly what is meant by the phrase crimes of the powerful. Indeed, a person unfamiliar with the literature of criminology might be forgiven for regarding the term as somewhat amorphous and nebulous: he might argue that nearly any criminal phenomenon could be termed a crime of the powerful. The dictionary defines a crime as an act punishable by law, as being forbidden by statute or injurious to the public welfare. An evil or injurious act; an offence, a sin; esp. of grave character (Oxford, 1989). It is difficult to see how the word power could not be inserted into any part of this definition and for it still to make sense. There is therefore in the pure black letter interpretation of the law a huge shaded area that allows for misinterpretation of the term crime of power. Can, for instance, a crime of the powerful be a physical act? Or must it the top levels of an organization? Moreover, the use of the word crime is itself ambiguous. The trafficking of drugs or children is clearly illegal and criminal according to the principles of law; but we also speak of corporate crimes against the public withholding medicines from the dying, adulterating foods etc., as crimes even though they have no explicit recognition as such in law. There is then a near infinite possible extension of the word crime when one uses the word in the sense of something that ought to be illegal rather than something that is presently illegal. In Smiths words: If a crime is to be understood simply as law violation, then no matter how immoral, reprehensible, damaging or dangerous an act is, it is not a crime unless it is made such by the authorities of the state. There is moreover often the paradoxical situation where a government that commits crimes of power against its people can only be legally recognized as doing such if it passes legislation against itself. That is: their This is obviously extremely unlikely to happen and so many such crimes go unnoticed. It is often directly against the interests of certain groups or interests to recognize the existence of certain crimes because then have to recognize theory legal existence also. Recently however, one growth of criminal analysis of the powerful has come from greater international laws that allow for the international legal recognition of crimes committed by dictators or despots when they would never do this themselves. For instance, Saddam Hussein is near universally thought to have committed crimes of power against his people; such things were never legally recognized as crimes as such until a body such as the United Nations had the international authority to declare the illegal action s of heads of states. Sociologists and psychologists amongst other groups (Chesterton, 1997) have argued that the moral, sociological and psychological aspects of crimes of the powerful should be recognized by criminologists to a far greater extent. By using approaches such as these criminologists can add the activities of environmental pollution, insider trading, and tax evasion to the public consciousness of what constitute crimes of the powerful. In Sellins (2003) words if the study of crime is to attain an objective and scientific status, it should not allow itself to be restricted to the terms and boundaries of enquiry established by legislators and politicians . According to scholars authors like Chesterton and Dupont the intense interest in by criminologists in the analysis and prevention of crimes of the powerful is due to the massive growth and myriad new forms of these crimes. Perhaps the most powerful criminals whose crimes are explicitly illegal are international drug trafficking organizations. In 2004, according to Smith (Smith, 2004) Â £550 billion of cocaine and other illegal substances were transported illegally internationally. This trade is therefore lager than the GDP of many African and other third-world countries. Faced with this massive business and with its catastrophic social consequences traditional law agencies and their democratic legislators have had to radically alter the way they investigate and prosecute these crimes. The extreme complexity and ingenuity of international drug cartels have meant that governments have had to build equally complex systems of criminological analysis and technique to limit these crimes. Complex intelligence agencies like the MI5 and MI6 in England and the CIA and FBI in the United States now have innumerable specialist intelligence groups of scientists, field-officers and so on investigating the criminal nature and consequences of organized crime such as drug trafficking, the shipping of illegal weapons and so on. Perhaps the only organizations on earth with greater power than the above organized crime syndicates are the international corporations of Western countries like Britain, America and so on. Many critics of these organizations (Chomsky, 2003) allege that the secret crimes of these corporations exceed even those of the drug barons. For instance, everyone will be familiar with the recent scandals of Enron, Anderson and Paramalat where billions of pounds were swindled by these massive companies. This white-collar crime was half a century ago hardly investigated and such crimes went essentially unnoticed. But greater public consciousness of the activities of these companies through the media has theoretically at least imposed a greater accountability and potential punishment for companies who exploit either their shareholders or their customers. This increased interest in corporate crime has led in turn to the need for a vast number of criminologists to produce theories to explain the cau ses of such crimes and then strategies for their prevention. A further consequence of the media revolution of the past century and the changed social assumptions of our society has meant that the crimes of governments as crimes of power are now open to far greater than public and professional scrutiny and analysis than they ever have been before. Twenty-four hour television and instant access to news stories and the daily events of our political life have meant that the public can therefore criticise the crimes of their governments with greater ease than before. For instance, the vociferous protests in 2003 by citizens of Western democracies against the invasion of Iraq were due to the belief of those citizens that their governments had acted illegally and criminally in invading that country. Traditionally, such crimes do not fall into the sphere of criminology because of the numerous problems identified in the definition paragraph of this essay. However, criminologists, at least theoretically, and urged by famous opponents of the war like Noa m Chomsky and Michael Moore, are coming to analyze and investigate the issues and theoretical difficulties of holding entire governments to account for committing crimes of power. Many of the principles used by criminologists to analyze the techniques and structures of organized crime yndicates are being suggested to be transferred to an analysis of the crimes of government. The analysis of government crime may prove to be one of the most fruitful of the coming decades for criminologists. In this essay then, the term crimes of the powerful refers to such crimes as are carried out by organized criminal gangs (either national or international), by corporations, by governments, by powerful individuals such as corrupt magnates, businessmen and so on. Such crimes might include: corporate fraud, corporate mal-practise, illegal narcotics or arms; high-tech crimes such as computer fraud. It is necessary for the student of criminology to know something of the state criminal affairs at the end of the 19th century if he is to find a clear answer for the growth of analysis of crimes of the powerful in the twentieth century. One strong reason why analysis of such crimes was less in say 1900 was that many organized crimes did not exist at all. For instance, the use of narcotics like opium and heroin were widespread amongst all levels of society but legal also; the trade of these drugs were controlled by legally registered companies and there existed no illegal market for their production or importation. Accordingly, since these acts were no understood as crimes, British police did not need to analyse the behaviour or causes of these. Moreover, the size of the police force as well as its technical and theoretical know-how were far smaller than they are today in Britain, America, France and so on. Similarly, whilst many companies exploited the Victorian workforce, none did s o in the systematic and pre-determined fashion that is characteristic of Anderson, Enron or Parmalat in the past ten years. Other crimes of the powerful like high-tech computer fraud obviously required no analysis or theory of criminology since they did not exist at all. Similarly, The In James Smiths (Smith, 1999, p44) memorable phrase At the dawn of the twenty-first century the Western world faces a plethora of organised criminality of the like that it has never known before. From the mass trafficking of illegal narcotics, to whole-scale prostitution, to high-tech computer fraud, to corporate offences on a giant scale, the police forces and criminal prevention agencies of the new century will meet challenges as they have never glimpsed in the past. And, a little further on, They will no longer compete against petty or isolated crimes of individuals, but against the sophisticated and organized attempts to make vast fortunes by systematically breaking the law. In this contest between law officer and criminal former is now far behind; it remains to be seen whether he will catch-up in the near decades (Smith, 1999, p44). Another area of rapid growth in crimes of the powerful has been the feminist critique of domestic violence committed against women by dominant males. Feminists of the last few decades have argued cogently that the term crimes of the powerful should include also these domestic abuses because of the patriarchal structures within our society that promote such abuses. The explosion of such feminist critiques flows from the fact that before this century there was no feminism as such, and domestic abuse was either not considered a crime or it was publicly invisible or ignored. The changing social philosophies such as liberalism and attitudes of the twentieth century gave birth to a greater consciousness for women and therefore greater demands for them for social and legal equality. This, in the 1960s and 1970s, leading feminists like Germane Greer campaigned for recognition of the domination of women by societal institutions and conventions that are massively weighted in favour of men. Fem inists scholars and theorists argue that the vast majority of these structures and the crimes they inflict upon women are unreported; marital rape is the most frequent abuse, and nearly 80% of women in this predicament are abused repeatedly (Painter, 1991). A whole host of crimes commited by men supported by social institutions go unreported and unprosecuted. Some feminists therefore describe a fundamental imbalance in the power structures of Western society, and that agencies and organizations should be set up to combat and prevent this crime. In S. Griffins words: Men in our culture are taught and encouraged to rape women as the symbolic expression of male power (Griffin, 1971) and Brownmiller says eloquently that rapists are the shock troops of patriarchy, necessary for male domination. Some men may not rape, but only because their power over women is already secured by the rapists who have done their work for them (Brownmiller, 1976). This feminine critique therefore demands a c onsiderable extension of the definition of the term crimes of the powerful to include all those thousands of incidents of unseen violence issued from an entire gender that has power over another. In this sense, arguably feminists have uncovered the crime of the powerful of all. According to feminists, the truths of this oppression has been recognised partially by criminological theorists by the tides of social legislation that have been passed in recent years to protect women from domestic violence. Nonetheless, say that criminologists yet lack a complete or detailed analytical theory of such violence; this itself being reflected by the dominance in criminology of males. In the final analysis, the growth of the analysis of crimes of the powerful may be attributed principally to the growth of the number and types of such crimes and the subsequent need to investigate and prevent them. Some crimes of the powerful such as drug trafficking are nearly entirely new to our age, and criminologists have had to develop wholly new theories and techniques to combat it. On the other hand, entirely new academic critiques like those of feminism, sociology and psychology have identified and produced theories to describe invisible crimes of power against groups who before the last century had to suffer in silence. Criminologists too have had to swallow these theories and then learn methods and techniques to apply them to our modern world. Similarly, the rise of mass media and the extension of democratic institutions have enabled citizens with far better information about the behaviour of their corporations and governments; this awareness has in turn led to a conscious ness of the similarity of nature between illegal crimes like drug-smuggling and corporate crimes like deliberately withholding medicines from the sick or the invasion of a foreign country. These new fields of investigation have given the criminologist much to think about. The student of criminology should not forget either that the subject he studies had itself evolved over the last century to become a highly professional and international and therefore capable of greater levels and specializations in analysis than it could ever have been before. BIBLIOGRAPHY Academic Books, Journals Articles Brownmiller, S (1976). Against our Will: Men, Women and Rape. James Press, London. Chesterton, B. (1997). Criminology and Social Science. Blackthorn, Edinburgh. Dupont, D. (2000). Foucault against Foucault: Rereading the Governmentality Papers, Theoretical Criminology, No. 3, May 2000, (with). Foucault, Governmentality, Marx. (1998). Journal of Social and Legal Studies, 7:4, December 1998 (with S. Tombs). Hazards, Law and Class, Social and Legal Studies, Vol. 6, No.1, March 1997. Painter, K. (1991)Rape, Marriage and the Law. Bold Books, Exeter. Shover, N. (2001). Capitalist Business Organizations in White Collar Crime. Oxford Press, Oxford. Smith, J. (1999). Criminology for the Twenty-First Century: A Readers Guide.. Devillier Press, New Jersey. Snider, L. (1995). Corporate Crime: Contemporary Debates. University of Toronto Press, Toronto. Snider, L. (1992). Crimes of the Powerful special issue of The Journal of Human Justice, Vol. 3, No.2, Spring. Steve Tombs and Dave Whyte (Editors). (2003) Unmasking the Crimes of the Powerful: Scrutinizing States and Corporations. Peter Lang, New York Summer, C. (ed) (2003). Blackwell Companion to Criminology. Oxford, Blackwell. The Oxford English Dictionary. (1989) (2nd Ed.). Oxford University Press, Oxford. Valverde, M. (1996). Conflict, Contradiction and Governance, special issue of Economy and Society, Vol. 25, No.3, (Autumn). West, G Morris, R (eds.) (2000). Regulating Toxic Capitalism in The Case for Penal Abolition. Canadian Scholars Press, Toronto Woodiwiss, M. (1993). Global Crime Connections. Macmillan, London.

The Ancient Maya Essay -- essays research papers

The Maya of Mesoamerica, along with the Aztecs of Mexico and the Incas of Peru, made up the high civilizations of the American Indians at the time of the Spanish conquest. Both the Aztecs and the Incas were late civilizations, between 1300-1533 AD, but the Maya of the Yucatan and Guatemala exhibited a cultural continuity spanning more than 2,000 years, 1000 BC-AD 1542. Many aspects of this culture continue yet today. The Ancient Maya in their time had actually refined writing. They had an extensive written language, which was both phonetic as well as ideographic. One of only five independently created writing systems in human history. Maya words were in hieroglyphs, each picture with its own meaning. Unlike other ancient Central American civilizations, the Maya could write in words, sentences, and even stories. Arranging several pictures together in a logical form would create a story. The Maya covered their cities and buildings with hieroglyphs carved into the stone. Most of the Maya could read some hieroglyphs, but the priests and nobles were the only people who actually had knowledge of the entire language. The Maya would also use quills made of turkey feathers to write in books made of soft bark taken from a type of fig tree. Religion was the center of the Mayan life. Mayans believed that there were two levels of the world. The first level was the physical world and the second was the spiritual world, which consisted of the old dead ancestors, ...