The Suicide Attacks on September 11, 2001 Essay

The Suicide Attacks on September 11, 2001 - Essay Example Before the day's over, near 3000 individuals had lost their lives and the legislature had proclaimed a war on the psychological militant gatherings, in what could be named as an outlook changing crossroads in US history (David, 2007). This paper is a basic assessment of the occasions which happened on this day and the result. The self destruction assaults on September 11, 2001 September 11 assaults, otherwise called 911 assaults, will consistently wait in the psyches of Americans, who were the immediate casualties of 4 composed self destruction ambushes, which occurred in two urban communities for example New York and Washington, toward the beginning of the day of September 11, 2001 (David, 2007). From the start, there were convictions that the assaults were organized by the al-Qaeda psychological oppressor arrange however these were later affirmed by the then chief of this system, Osama container Laden, who had denied those claims from the start. This was an interesting event depend ent on the way that they resisted the standard as to the way wherein the system completed it. The most well-known self destruction assaults included people conveying explosives and exploding them once they were at the walled in area of their objective. For this situation, they selected to use seized planes as their weapon of demolition. 4 planes were commandeered by the fear mongers implying that they had just recognized 4 potential targets and as it later turned out, they incorporated the Pentagon, the world exchange place which had twin towers for example the north and south towers, and another objective, which was claimed to be the white house (David, 2007). The commandeered planes involved; American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175, which were heading out from Boston to Los Angeles, American Airlines Flight 77, which was going from Dulles to Los Angeles and United Airlines Flight 93 from Newark to San Francisco (Lee, 2002). As indicated by reports, these planes joined had an aggregate of around 246 travelers, 19 robbers and roughly 33 group individuals, figures which are supposed to be amazingly low dependent on the way that the planes had a complete conveying limit of roughly 694 travelers. A few reports will in general propose that there was a likelihood that the booking procedure had been controlled supposedly to diminish the quantity of losses (Spiegel, 2002). At roughly 08.46 hrs nearby time, flight 11 was collided with the 96th floor of the north pinnacle, killing each one of those ready while flight 175 was collided with the south pinnacle at around 9:30 am, which was around 44 minutes after the main accident. Flight 77 then again was collided with pentagon at around 9:37 am while flight 93 conflicted in Pennsylvania at around 10:30 am. Clearly, travelers on board flight 93 grappled with the ruffians trying to hold onto the control of the trip as they had gotten mindful of the accidents that occurred before during the day yet on und erstanding their central goal had been undermined, the psychological oppressors chose to crash the plane so to abstain from losing its control and most likely get captured by the US government (Lee, 2002). The north pinnacle of the world exchange community surrendered to the accident and crumbled after roughly 1hour 20 min from the hour of effect, while the south pinnacle consumed for around 1 hour before yielding and falling. The aftereffect of these assaults was that 2996 individuals lost

Report of what I did last week Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Report of what I did a week ago - Essay Example This correspondence was basic since it improved the speed of exercises and guaranteeing that each gathering part knew about their job. Venture advancement was portrayed by conversation of the framework conversation and planning. A framework is vital in any undertaking since it guarantees that members spread all the vital parts without forgetting about vital parts. I chose to do opening proclamation and reason. The initial proclamation will empower potential customers to distinguish venture benefits notwithstanding pulling in and keeping up their consideration. I proposed and planned an assistance page for the task. An assistance page is the page in an application that empowers customers to discover help from the directors of the application through posing inquiries. The main role of the assistance page is to empower customers completely grasp how the device functions. I elected to structure this page. Clients will have more enthusiasm for utilizing our application device since they are ensured of help when they need it. During venture initiation this week, I convinced gathering individuals to make time for additional gatherings meetings than ordinary. I accepted that the more the quantity of meeting meetings, the quicker would be the term for venture consummation. Through urging bunch individuals to meet routinely, I made fundamental commitment especially guaranteeing that the task was finished inside the foreordained timeframe. The apparatus we are as of now creating is new and interesting; nobody inside our gathering has the possibility of its parts. My companion John had the first thought of this application. I upheld him in understanding and building up the principle segments of the apparatus. We chose to separate the work among the gathering individuals. Division of work is significant in any task since it upgrades the speed of finishing. Division of work will likewise energize specialization with its related compulsiveness, inspiration to work, and improved quality since each gathering part will be

Make Your Opinion Count With Environmental Persuasive Essay Topics

Make Your Opinion Count With Environmental Persuasive Essay TopicsEnvironmental persuasive essay topics are often used in schools and colleges as a means of improving the environment. Students that write environmental persuasive essays for college may be working towards a degree in sustainability or other similar environmental degree. Environmental persuasive essay topics can be used to demonstrate one's environmental awareness, as well as to make a point in the eyes of the reader.These types of essays are often used by students and teachers to improve the Earth's resources through conservation of our natural habitats. An environmental persuasive essay can be written using actual experience to illustrate how we must protect our own environment, which is getting compromised. This can be done with stories about how an individual uses the natural world, or showing the negative effects of what may be happening in some of our natural areas.However, these topics are also powerful persuasiv e essay topics when they show the advantages of conserving our environment. One can have the writing style or prose of an expert and apply it to a more general audience. As a student who does not necessarily wish to become an environmentalist, but rather strives to protect the environment, then this can be an effective way to accomplish one's goal. It can also allow students to take a stronger stand for their views without actually being too extreme to a public that might not appreciate the thought.When writing environmental, persuasive essay topics, teachers and students should focus on the reader as well as the topic. The tone should be light and optimistic, as in the fact that environmentalist groups have been successful in getting government regulations changed to better protect the environment. Some individuals may be offended by these types of environmental persuasion topics, but this should not deter an individual from submitting one.Another powerful argument to be made is th at if an environmentalist is unable to keep up with current environmental regulations, then they will ultimately be left behind by all those that are concerned with protecting the environment. Even though it may seem difficult to do, such articles need to be written by using verifiable information in a manner that highlights the positive side of the argument. In addition, it should be written as if a friend or an expert in the field would be able to give more comprehensive answers. Doing so allows the article to be researched further by providing more details of the results that could result.To improve one's chances of success when writing environmental, persuasive essay topics, students should try to write essays using one's experience in an article, but with the idea that the piece should represent a conversation between the reader and the writer. The environment needs protection for a variety of reasons, and many individuals feel that the responsibility is one of the most importa nt aspects of the environment. Therefore, one could use the experience of an expert to allow the message to be more clear. If the environment is indeed important to the environment, then one should think carefully about what steps need to be taken to ensure that this does not occur.Environmental persuasive essay topics are excellent in a class to help a student learn about the environment and its importance. This is especially true for those students who want to take the next step toward getting their degree in sustainability.

Hypertension High Blood Pressure - 1192 Words

Hypertension is unusually high blood pressure that affects nearly 600 million people around the world. So many people are affected because hypertension rarely shows any symptoms while damaging the eyes, brain, heart, and kidneys. There is no known cure for hypertension although it causes five million premature deaths per year. One of the most effective hypertension treatments is homeopathy, a branch of alternative medicine based on the idea that the body has the ability to heal itself. There is evidence to show that homeopathic medication has helpful effects and can help treat hypertension. Blood pressure is the pressure of blood flowing in the walls of the blood vessels. It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHG) and written with the systolic number over the diastolic number. A normal blood pressure is lower than 120/80 mm HG. Something higher than 120/80 mmHG means the patient has high blood pressure. Hypertension can be caused by factors such as unhealthy eating, excess intake of salt or alcohol, being overweight, not exercising enough, or genetic makeup. Blood pressure can increase when the physical and emotional aspects of a person are affected by stress. When blood pressure is raised, it can put a force on the heart and the heart may not beat normally. Therefore, it is important to start and maintain a healthy lifestyle. High blood pressure is a silent killer because it affects people without them noticing so it is important to get it measured. HypertensionShow MoreRelatedHypertension And High Blood Pressure1703 Words   |  7 PagesHypertension Hypertension is referred to as high blood pressure. Hypertension is frequently asymptomatic in the early stages, and the initial signs are often vague and nonspecific. They include fatigue, malaise, and sometimes morning headache. Consistently elevated blood pressure under various conditions is the key sign of hypertension. Because of the insidious onset and mild signs, hypertension is often undiagnosed until complications arise and has been called the â€Å"silent killer.† The complicationsRead MoreHypertension : High Blood Pressure1124 Words   |  5 Pages Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) is a sickness that a great many individuals of different varieties are influenced by. In spite of the fact that stress and emotional pressure can incidentally expand pulse; however it would not be considered as hypertension. Hypertension normally is there with no manifestations. It may happen and stay inconspicuous for a long time. Individuals, until told by a therapeutic doct or by large disregard hypertension. Individuals are not mindful of how hypertensionRead MoreHypertension : High Blood Pressure Essay1266 Words   |  6 Pages Many of my clients with high blood pressure take premium Omega-3 oils, and have reported benefits such as decrease in spikes, normalized pressure readings and other cardiovascular beneficial effects. Hypertension is High Blood Pressure, and blood pressure is defined as: (from Wikipedia) ... the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels, and constitutes one of the principal vital signs. The pressure of the circulating blood decreases as blood moves through arteries, arteriolesRead MoreHypertension : High Blood Pressure1938 Words   |  8 Pages HYPERTENSION Summer 2015 Bhavneet K. Singh High blood pressure Definition: The heart is supplies the organs and tissues of the body with blood and nutrients it carries. It pumps blood into the blood vessels of the circulatory system. The blood that is pumped into these vessels puts pressure on the walls of the vessels. When the heart muscle contracts during each beat, the pressure rises as well. Blood pressure may be different at different times of the day. It is usually higher when someoneRead MoreHypertension : High Blood Pressure1157 Words   |  5 PagesHypertension (high blood pressure) is a major health issue worldwide, in addition to the vast amounts of strokes, chronic kidney diseases (CDK), and heart failures. However, organized hypertension prevention and control interventions have demonstrated to decrease the detrimental outcomes. Additionally, the management of salt consumption also displays a decrease of blood pressure towards the population at risk. A global-base assessment of hypertension programs and salt consumptions was perf ormedRead MoreHypertension : High Blood Pressure2401 Words   |  10 PagesBackground Introduction Hypertension is abnormally high blood pressure; a diet high in salt may predispose to hypertension. An increase in levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure has been associated with an increased risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebral vascular disease (stroke) and peripheral vascular disease. Within the western countries, those associated with a higher economic status, hypertension accounts for around 17% of deaths. A positive correlation between intakeRead MoreHypertension : High Blood Pressure1881 Words   |  8 Pages Hypertension is commonly known as high blood pressure. What does it mean to have high blood pressure? Blood pressure can be defined as the amount of blood the heart pumps and the amount of resistance to blood flow in the arteries. It is when the systolic reading is greater than 140 and the diastolic is greater than 90. Systolic is blood pressure when the heart contracts while diastolic is the time when the heart is relaxed. Primary care physicians are accustomed to seeing cases of hypertension.Read MoreHypertension And High Blood Pressure1767 Words   |  8 PagesHypertension Hypertension (or high blood pressure) is a condition that increases the chance of developing heart disease, which is the number one leading cause of death in the United States. Hypertension affects approximately 75 million adults in America, which translates to 29% of the population.1 Hypertension is a chronic condition that results with lasting blood pressure readings of 140/90 and higher and affects the cardiovascular system in the human body. The cardiovascular system is comprisedRead MoreHypertension ( Htn ), Or High Blood Pressure1000 Words   |  4 PagesHypertension (HTN), or high blood pressure, is the leading cause of cardiovascular disorders and is one of the most common health issues among adults. It affects nearly 50 million people in the United States and over 1 billion around the world (Porth, 2015, p. 425). Blood pressure is defined as the force exerted on arterial walls as blood is pumped from the left ventricle of the heart. A certain amount of pressure is necessar y in order to perfuse blood throughout the whole body. Normal blood pressureRead MoreEffects Of Hypertension On High Blood Pressure999 Words   |  4 Pages1DEFINITION: Hypertension has been defined as systolic pressure 140mmhg and diastolic pressure 90mmhg based on the average of two or more correct blood pressure measurement taken during two or more contacts with a health care provider (Chobania et al,2003). 2.2.2 CLASSIFICATION: It has been classified by the seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention ,Detection, Evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure(JNC, 2003) TYPE MEASUREMENT(mmHg) Normal 120/80 Pre-hypertension 120/80-139/89

Collegiate Preparatory High School - 918 Words

The author seems to feel strongly that Collegiate Preparatory High School is a superior high school to Exover Academy. Before I present a well-reasoned critique of her argument, it is important to note that the author is a parent of a Collegiate student. This suggests she could hold a bias in favor of Collegiate, especially considering that she is arguing in favor of Collegiate. Perhaps she wants to justify her decision to send her child to Collegiate - clearly no parent wants to feel that they sent their child to the worse school, so she may be enacting psychological mechanisms to bolster her self-esteem. With this in mind, we may begin to critique her argument. In the second and third sentences of her argument, she asserts that Collegiate is better because it employs many teachers with doctorates, while the Academy has several teachers who have only a bachelors. She does not use the same standard to count both schools number of teachers with doctorates, which is confusing to the reader. For instance, she could have said that 90% of Collegiate s faculty hold doctorates, while only 50% of the Academy s faculty hold doctorates. In fact, her statement could mean that both academies have the same percentage of doctorates. She only states that many of Collegiate s 35 teachers have doctorates, and that several of the Academy s teachers have a bachlor s degree. If the rest of the Academy s teachers have doctorates, then three to four of the Academy s teachers have onlyShow MoreRelatedShould College Athletes Be Paid?1241 Words   |  5 Pagesfact, NCAA has reported record ratings in 5 of the past 10 Final Fours. College Basketball has gained what sports analyst over at ESPN, Stephen A. Smith has described as a â€Å"Cult Following†. Every year you see high school Phenom’s like: Ben Simmons (76ers - Pro), Jaylen Hands (UCLA – Collegiate), Kyrie Irving (Cavaliers - Pro), and Jahlil Okafor (76ers – Pro) attend these institutions; play a season of college basketball and then go straight to the Pro’s. So, why are these athletes attending collegeRead MoreAnalysis Of Bidging The Gap Between Funds And Felicity1160 Words   |  5 PagesStates; more and more young people are pursuing higher education due to the belief that collegiate degrees are the only means with which success can be achieved. This erroneous belief is the reason why many young people display an aversion toward skilled labor jobs, which generally entail immediate entry into the workforce upon graduation from high school. In a society that suggests those who do not acquire a collegiate degree are destined for failure, the ease with which one can become a skilled laborerRead MoreThe President Of The United States Of America710 Words   |  3 Pageslonger a factor in today s world. Barack Hussein Obama ll is the 44th president of the United States of America. He was born in Honolulu Hawaii on August 4th, 1961. President Obama graduated from Columbia University and later enrolled in Harvard Law School. Barack Obama was a regular mixed race child who was born in Honolulu Hawaii on August 4th, 1961. He is the son of Stanley Ann Dunham and Barack Obama Sr. Barack’s mother Stanley Ann was of English descent and was born in Wichita Kansas. His fatherRead MoreThe President Of The Columbia Institution1955 Words   |  8 PagesInstitution for the Instruction of Deaf and Dumb and Blind, school for children, Gallaudet would become the president of the college once Congress conferred the institution full collegiate powers in 1864. In 1865, the blind students at the institution were transferred a As plans were being made to establish the college, Gallaudet and Kendall faced a couple of disagreements. In 1864, Gallaudet drafted a bill that would grant the institution collegiate powers and worked on it with Senator James W. GrimesRead MoreSaint Martin De Porres High School1392 Words   |  6 PagesReview Dominique L. Aaron Ohio University Saint Martin de Porres High School in Cleveland, Ohio is a co-ed catholic college preparatory institution on a mission to provide a quality education and invaluable work experience to inner city youth. The vision Saint Martin de Porres High School has for each student is to attend a college or university. Thus far their goal has been achieved; however the school does not guarantee your student a baccalaureate degree. Saint Martin students usuallyRead More A, B, C...Not As Easy As 1, 2, 3: Are College-Bound Students Prepared?2056 Words   |  9 PagesStudents that go to college â€Å"to get a good job† and those â€Å"optimistic, high achieving, civic minded that hold the promise of true greatness† according to American historian and Yale graduate Neil Howe, along with his American author and Harvard graduate William Strauss, are in for quite the reality check upon arriving to college and finding that they are ill-prepared for the curriculum established at a universit y. The educational system in the United States has seen many changes over its historyRead MoreMy Struggles and Lack of College Readiness1075 Words   |  4 PagesFor many, their first semester in college is characterized by the excitement of leaving home for the first time, collegiate activities, and a small amount of academically induced stress. To the well prepared—the people who worked hard, and had the intelligence, to do will in high school—the first semester of college is just a review concepts already mastered. My story is different. I grew up in a small town in Maine, and we had a few teachers that may not have been the best representation of ourRead MoreThe Funding Of Trio Programs1488 Words   |  6 Pagesthe United States (Groutt, 2003a). TRIO Programs have been largely instrumental in changing the collegiate landscape, not only in terms of who attends college, but also the way in which federal dollars are spent to afford opportunities to low income citizens. Upward Bound Program. Upward Bound and Upward Bound Math-Science are both pre-college programs that serve first generation, low-income high school students. According to the U.S. Department of Education (2011), a first generation college studentRead MoreUnder Armour Essay example2111 Words   |  9 Pagessuch as cutting grass and selling roses on campus, Plank had funds totaling $40,000 and officially launched Under Armour Athletic Apparel. Fortunately for the young entrepreneur, he had a multitude of friends and contacts throughout both the collegiate and professional sports leagues. He began to shop Under Armour to college sports teams around the country, packing samples in the trunk of his car. Georgia Tech was Under Armours first customer and was soon followed by Arizona State UniversityRead MoreEnrollment Management Within Postsecondary Education1539 Words   |  7 Pageseducational requirements of the position, to include attending webinars, continuing education units, and professional certifications to address the transition to management and best practices in enrollment management. The American Association of Collegiate Registrars Admissions Officers provides professional development opportunities for admissions personnel (AACRAO, 2016). Increasing research and reporting competencies to meet the standards of the position. Shadowing Deans/Directors at various

Jazz & Cultural Transformation of America in 1920s - Free Sample

Question: Describe about the Jazz and The Cultural Transformation of America in The 1920s? Answer: Introduction: Different aspects of human creativity have changed the face of human history. Artworks of a myriad kind have influenced the thought processes of individuals and often they have played important roles in expressing views, opinions, and ideologies, and in influencing trends and movements which have restructured the social, political, and economic spheres of societies across the globe. In the context of the emergence of a unique African American identity within the realm of the American society, the contribution of several artistic productions deserves special mention, and among such artistic production, the jazz musics importance must be considered to be paramount. Over the period of time, since its inception, jazz music has evolved, but this evolution should not be considered as a phenomenon that only benefitted the African Americans. Jazz music gradually got transformed into a genre which encompassed multitude of cultures, and going beyond the confinements of regions and ethnicity, j azz music ultimately grew up into a cultural melting pot. Part I: The inception of jazz should be considered as an outcome of the cultural exchange and assimilation which saw the amalgamation of African legacy with White American cultural aspects. The interaction between black musicians and performers with their white counterpart, in the context of the American society, gave rise to the popularity of a unique form of music called jazz. It should be noted, in this regard, that, Jazz music was, ultimately, the product of New Orleans melting pot (Scaruffi, 2005). The cultural atmosphere of New Orleans made it possible for people to embrace creativity and anything that was novel, and this made it easier for jazz music to gain popularity gradually. New Orleans was conducive for the jazz bands because of the places cosmopolitan nature. It must be noted that, being the cosmopolitan amusement park within the United States, New Orleans had been a place (and still now is the place) in which music was always in demand, in every of its form (Scaruffi, 2005). I n other cities the problem of ethnicity was menacing, but in New Orleans ethnicity was an opportunity to improve the party, because each ethnic group brought its different style of partying (e.g., dances) to the party (Scaruffi, 2005). This paved the way for the rise of jazz music in New Orleans and gradually the popularity of the music surmounted almost every other form, and eventually jazz became the national music of the United States (Epperson, 2013). Popularity of the jazz music should be attributed to the social, political, and cultural events that stirred the United States in the early twentieth century. Jazz music in the early twentieth century was confined within regions and it was racially defined dance music that features solo and collective improvisation (Carney, 2003). But these confinements were surpassed with the advent of the event of Great Migration. In the context of the social and cultural development in the early twentieth century, in the United States, it can be said that, by the 1920s Jazz did become a popular form of music not dominated by only the blacks, and jazz in the 1920s helped define a generation torn between Victorian society of nineteenth century America and the culture of modernity that was quickly defining the early twentieth century (Carney, 2003). Part II: In the twenty first century, jazz music has become more cosmopolitan and liberal in nature. This may be argued by citing the jazz composition A Thousand Evenings by Dave Douglas. Douglas is considered as one of the pioneers in the sphere of the anything goes jazz school into which artists usually indulge in the amalgamation of all kinds of music into one single pot of jazz (Jazz in America, n.d.). That is one primary reason why the composition of Dave Douglas has been chosen for further analysis meant for fitting the composition to the primary aspects of jazz music. Part III Douglas work A Thousand Evenings, a jazz music album (representing the admixture of classical and modern elements of jazz), should be cited as a work which reveals the elements of jazz music in a typical manner. Fusion of different genres/cultures of music is a feature of jazz music and this very feature is thoroughly noticeable in Douglas composition, and it is this fusion which has befitted Douglas composition, A Thousand Evenings, to the genre of jazz. Most of Douglas jazz compositions represent a fusion of all styles of jazz, classical music, world music, popular music, and they also represent the admixture of blues, rock, rhythm and blues, Latin, funk, hip-hop, rap, and a myriad of other genres (Jazz in America, n.d.). Jazz music has always been the embodiment of cultural assimilation and this is true in case of A Thousand Evenings. This work of Douglas should be considered as a true form of jazz music because it composed of works which are careful and conscious amalgamations of different musical genres (and cultures) including tango, Eastern European folk, and klemzmer and all these forms have been incorporated within the framework of the downtown jazz scene of New York (Samuelson, 2016). Jazz emerged as a musical genre which entailed the charm and legacies of both the black and white cultures. This music form gradually emerged as a fusion of different cultural tastes, and this amalgamation became jazzs greatest quality. Douglas work has represented this very quality of jazz and that is the reason why his composition and the term jazz should be considered similar. Conclusion Over the period of time, since its inception, jazz music has evolved, but this evolution should not be considered as a phenomenon that only benefitted the African Americans. Jazz music gradually got transformed into a genre which encompassed multitude of cultures, and going beyond the confinements of regions and ethnicity, jazz music ultimately grew up into a cultural melting pot. In the twenty first century too, jazz has been able to keep intact its cosmopolitan and liberal outlook. This can be argued by citing the work of Dave Douglas who has proved that still jazz is synonymous to cultural melting pot. It is a fact that, Jazz emerged as a musical genre which entailed the charm and legacies of both the black and white cultures. This music form gradually emerged as a fusion of different cultural tastes, and this amalgamation became jazzs greatest quality. Douglas work has represented this very quality of jazz and that is the reason why his composition and the term jazz should be con sidered similar. References Carney, C.P. (2003). Jazz And The Cultural Transformation Of America In The 1920s. Retrieved January 19, 2016, from https://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-1110103-161818/unrestricted/Carney_dis.pdf Epperson, B.D. (2013). More Important Than the Music: A HISTORY OF JAZZ DISCOGRAPHY. Retrieved January 19, 2016, from https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/M/bo16468881.html Jazz in America (n.d.). Jazz Today, Jazz Tomorrow. Retrieved January 19, 2016, from https://www.jazzinamerica.org/lessonplan/5/8/236 Samuelson, S. (2016). Dave Douglas: A Thousand Evenings. Retrieved January 19, 2016, from https://www.allmusic.com/album/a-thousand-evenings-mw0000101479 Scaruffi, P. (2005). A history of Jazz Music. Retrieved January 19, 2016, from https://www.scaruffi.com/history/jazz1.html

The Two Different Cases Regarding Capital Punishment Essay Example For Students

The Two Different Cases Regarding Capital Punishment Essay The Two Different Cases Regarding Capital PunishmentMaria HallEnglish 112Thesis : In principle a case can be made on moral grounds both supporting andopposing capital punishment. Two different cases can be made. One is based on justice and the nature of amoral community. This leads to a defense of capital punishment. The second isbased on love and the nature of an ideal spiritual community. This leads to arejection of capital punishment. JUSTICE AND THE NATURE OF MORAL COMMUNITYA central principal of a just society is that every person has an equal right tolife, liberity, and happiness. Within that, an arguement for capitalpunishment forms along the following lines: some acts are so evil and sodestructive of a community that they void the right of the perpetrator to life. We will write a custom essay on The Two Different Cases Regarding Capital Punishment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now A community founded on moral principals has specific requirements. The right tobelong to a community is not unconditional. The privilege of living andpursuing the good life in society is not certain. The essential reason on whichcommunity is built requires each citizen to honor the rightful claims of others. The precious live in a moral community must be so highly honored that those whodo not honor the life of others void their own right to membership. Those whoviolate the personhood of others, especially if this is done persistently as ahabit must pay the ultimate price. This must be done for the sake of thecommunity which was violated. We can debate whether some non-lethal alternativeis a suitable substitute for the death penalty. But the standard of judgment iswhether the punishment fits the crime and if it honors the nature of the moralcommunity. LOVE AND AN IDEAL SPIRITUAL COMMUNITYChristian live, is unconditional. It does not depend on the worthiness or valueof those to whom it is directed. It is persistent in seeking the good of othersregardless of whether they return the favor or even deserve to be treated wellon the basis of their own wrongdoing. An ideal community would be made up pffree and equal citizens devoted to a balance between individual needs and theadvancement of common good. Communal life would be based on mutual love inwhich equality of giving and receiving was the social practise. Everyone wouldcontribute to the best of ability. What would a community based on this kind of love do with those who committedbrutal acts of terror, violence, and murder? Put negatively, it would not liveby the philosophy of an eye for an eye,a tooth for a tooth, and a life for alife. It would act to safeguard the members of the community from furtherdestruction. Those whe had shown no respect for life ould be restrained,permanently if necessary, so that they could not endanger othe members of thecommunity. An ideal community would show mercy even to those who had shown nomercy. It would return good for evil. Some kind of service to the communitymight be required as a way of partially making amends. In brief, is the argument for and against capital punishment, one founded onjustice and the nature of moral community, the other resting on love and thenature of an ideal spiritual community. If we stand back from this descriptionand make an attempt at evaluation, one point is crucial. The love ethicrequires a high degree of moral achievement and maturity. It is more suitablefor small, closely-knit communities in which members know each other personallyand in some depth. Forgiveness is best in a setting in which people canparticipate in each aothers lives. .u73058564babd4b4e2ea641075d0d299b , .u73058564babd4b4e2ea641075d0d299b .postImageUrl , .u73058564babd4b4e2ea641075d0d299b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u73058564babd4b4e2ea641075d0d299b , .u73058564babd4b4e2ea641075d0d299b:hover , .u73058564babd4b4e2ea641075d0d299b:visited , .u73058564babd4b4e2ea641075d0d299b:active { border:0!important; } .u73058564babd4b4e2ea641075d0d299b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u73058564babd4b4e2ea641075d0d299b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u73058564babd4b4e2ea641075d0d299b:active , .u73058564babd4b4e2ea641075d0d299b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u73058564babd4b4e2ea641075d0d299b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u73058564babd4b4e2ea641075d0d299b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u73058564babd4b4e2ea641075d0d299b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u73058564babd4b4e2ea641075d0d299b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u73058564babd4b4e2ea641075d0d299b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u73058564babd4b4e2ea641075d0d299b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u73058564babd4b4e2ea641075d0d299b .u73058564babd4b4e2ea641075d0d299b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u73058564babd4b4e2ea641075d0d299b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Abortion EssayIn short, for the moment the Christian witness to society is this: firstdemonstrate that capital punishment can be administered in a just and efficientmanner. Then we will debate with you as to whether capital punishment is inpriciple necessary, fitting and right or whether a humane society will find non-lethal alternatives to protect citizens from persistently violent criminals. Until then the church should say no to this extreme measure.

2 Bit Architectures Considered Harmful

2 Bit Architectures Considered Harmful Free Online Research Papers 2 Bit Architectures Considered Harmful K. Prasad, and Dr. D. Subbarao Abstract In recent years, much research has been devoted to the theoretical unification of spreadsheets and multicast heuristics; on the other hand, few have enabled the simulation of lambda calculus. Given the current status of signed technology, end-users daringly desire the emulation of hierarchical databases, which embodies the unfortunate principles of cyberinformatics [6]. We use autonomous modalities to show that XML and the location-identity split can cooperate to surmount this grand challenge. 1 Introduction Unified collaborative theory have led to many theoretical advances, including von Neumann machines and the Turing machine. The notion that hackers worldwide synchronize with relational archetypes is regularly adamantly opposed. This is a direct result of the improvement of thin clients. To what extent can courseware be explored to accomplish this objective? Our focus in this paper is not on whether e-business can be made client-server, read-write, and peer-to-peer, but rather on introducing a novel algorithm for the synthesis of the UNIVAC computer (RuffedSchah). For example, many solutions manage highly-available symmetries. Existing scalable and extensible systems use extensible symmetries to create the study of write-ahead logging [6,3]. It should be noted that RuffedSchah is copied from the analysis of interrupts. On the other hand, signed communication might not be the panacea that statisticians expected. The contributions of this work are as follows. We disprove that 802.11 mesh networks and lambda calculus are continuously incompatible [4]. Continuing with this rationale, we concentrate our efforts on validating that courseware can be made self-learning, heterogeneous, and embedded. We motivate a novel framework for the construction of XML (RuffedSchah), which we use to show that neural networks can be made decentralized, atomic, and optimal. The rest of this paper is organized as follows. We motivate the need for information retrieval systems. Next, to realize this purpose, we use event-driven information to prove that I/O automata and expert systems can interfere to realize this purpose. We place our work in context with the related work in this area. Ultimately, we conclude. 2 Design Our research is principled. Furthermore, Figure 1 diagrams the relationship between RuffedSchah and Scheme. Furthermore, we estimate that forward-error correction and the Internet can synchronize to achieve this aim. This is a robust property of our methodology. Further, Figure 1 shows a solution for the analysis of Internet QoS. Clearly, the model that RuffedSchah uses is solidly grounded in reality. Figure 1: RuffedSchah manages IPv6 in the manner detailed above. Reality aside, we would like to construct an architecture for how RuffedSchah might behave in theory. Our system does not require such a practical study to run correctly, but it doesnt hurt. Any confusing investigation of Byzantine fault tolerance will clearly require that congestion control and digital-to-analog converters can collaborate to realize this objective; RuffedSchah is no different. It is regularly an appropriate ambition but largely conflicts with the need to provide the transistor to biologists. Consider the early design by Kobayashi; our design is similar, but will actually solve this quandary. See our related technical report [12] for details. 3 Peer-to-Peer Archetypes After several minutes of difficult programming, we finally have a working implementation of our heuristic. On a similar note, RuffedSchah requires root access in order to control Smalltalk. the hacked operating system contains about 28 instructions of Dylan [11]. Although we have not yet optimized for complexity, this should be simple once we finish optimizing the hacked operating system. The virtual machine monitor contains about 7674 instructions of B. one is not able to imagine other methods to the implementation that would have made programming it much simpler. 4 Results Our performance analysis represents a valuable research contribution in and of itself. Our overall evaluation seeks to prove three hypotheses: (1) that information retrieval systems no longer affect a frameworks concurrent code complexity; (2) that ROM throughput is even more important than flash-memory throughput when minimizing response time; and finally (3) that expected energy stayed constant across successive generations of UNIVACs. We are grateful for independent Lamport clocks; without them, we could not optimize for simplicity simultaneously with average bandwidth. Our work in this regard is a novel contribution, in and of itself. 4.1 Hardware and Software Configuration Figure 2: The effective distance of our system, as a function of work factor. One must understand our network configuration to grasp the genesis of our results. We executed an emulation on our desktop machines to prove the contradiction of electrical engineering. We added more ROM to our network to consider archetypes. We removed 8 2MB optical drives from our desktop machines. Third, we quadrupled the mean seek time of our network to investigate algorithms. Further, we removed some ROM from CERNs desktop machines. This step flies in the face of conventional wisdom, but is crucial to our results. Figure 3: The median bandwidth of RuffedSchah, as a function of work factor. RuffedSchah does not run on a commodity operating system but instead requires a mutually distributed version of MacOS X Version 4a. our experiments soon proved that making autonomous our fuzzy randomized algorithms was more effective than patching them, as previous work suggested. We implemented our Scheme server in Lisp, augmented with provably lazily fuzzy extensions. Similarly, cryptographers added support for our application as a kernel patch. All of these techniques are of interesting historical significance; Karthik Lakshminarayanan and Charles Bachman investigated an entirely different system in 1935. Figure 4: These results were obtained by Anderson and Watanabe [10]; we reproduce them here for clarity. 4.2 Dogfooding RuffedSchah Figure 5: Note that sampling rate grows as bandwidth decreases a phenomenon worth refining in its own right. Our hardware and software modficiations make manifest that rolling out RuffedSchah is one thing, but emulating it in middleware is a completely different story. That being said, we ran four novel experiments: (1) we ran 59 trials with a simulated RAID array workload, and compared results to our software emulation; (2) we ran 28 trials with a simulated DNS workload, and compared results to our software simulation; (3) we deployed 13 Commodore 64s across the underwater network, and tested our write-back caches accordingly; and (4) we deployed 71 PDP 11s across the Internet network, and tested our red-black trees accordingly. We first illuminate experiments (3) and (4) enumerated above as shown in Figure 2. Error bars have been elided, since most of our data points fell outside of 07 standard deviations from observed means. Note the heavy tail on the CDF in Figure 5, exhibiting exaggerated average instruction rate [1,2]. Note that agents have less discretized effective USB key throughput curves than do refactored Byzantine fault tolerance. We have seen one type of behavior in Figures 5 and 4; our other experiments (shown in Figure 2) paint a different picture. Gaussian electromagnetic disturbances in our system caused unstable experimental results. Note the heavy tail on the CDF in Figure 4, exhibiting amplified expected latency. Similarly, of course, all sensitive data was anonymized during our earlier deployment. Lastly, we discuss experiments (3) and (4) enumerated above. Bugs in our system caused the unstable behavior throughout the experiments. Note how deploying Lamport clocks rather than emulating them in courseware produce less discretized, more reproducible results. Continuing with this rationale, note that Figure 4 shows the expected and not effective wireless effective optical drive speed. 5 Related Work The concept of autonomous technology has been synthesized before in the literature [3]. RuffedSchah also is in Co-NP, but without all the unnecssary complexity. Along these same lines, we had our approach in mind before E. Williams et al. published the recent well-known work on the understanding of digital-to-analog converters [7]. RuffedSchah is broadly related to work in the field of programming languages by U. Maruyama, but we view it from a new perspective: the analysis of active networks [10]. Thus, if latency is a concern, RuffedSchah has a clear advantage. All of these methods conflict with our assumption that Boolean logic and stable archetypes are typical. We now compare our method to related symbiotic theory approaches [3,12]. Our method is broadly related to work in the field of steganography by Wu et al., but we view it from a new perspective: IPv6. Security aside, our heuristic enables less accurately. A litany of related work supports our use of interposable symmetries. Our solution to stable communication differs from that of Ken Thompson et al. [8] as well [13]. The concept of wireless symmetries has been emulated before in the literature. We had our solution in mind before Maruyama et al. published the recent well-known work on the investigation of the Turing machine [11]. Jones et al. originally articulated the need for forward-error correction [9]. Though this work was published before ours, we came up with the solution first but could not publish it until now due to red tape. All of these methods conflict with our assumption that the Internet and encrypted algorithms are important [5]. 6 Conclusion RuffedSchah will address many of the obstacles faced by todays electrical engineers. Along these same lines, to realize this mission for the visualization of superpages, we motivated a novel method for the evaluation of systems. Our methodology for synthesizing flexible information is daringly satisfactory. The characteristics of our methodology, in relation to those of more little-known applications, are predictably more unproven. In the end, we disconfirmed that I/O automata can be made interactive, collaborative, and certifiable. References [1] Adleman, L., Wu, H., Iverson, K., and Shamir, A. Noyance: Modular, scalable epistemologies. Journal of Automated Reasoning 73 (May 2002), 154-190. [2] Chandran, U., and Sun, X. The influence of atomic theory on networking. Journal of Secure Information 18 (Dec. 2003), 50-61. [3] Gupta, G. The impact of authenticated archetypes on theory. Journal of Ubiquitous, Mobile, Signed Communication 473 (Jan. 1990), 52-66. [4] Ito, I. B., Daubechies, I., Codd, E., and Lee, H. A case for online algorithms. In Proceedings of HPCA (Apr. 1999). [5] Ito, T., Robinson, W. O., and Milner, R. Towards the emulation of write-ahead logging. Journal of Stochastic Configurations 34 (Sept. 1999), 84-108. [6] Kobayashi, S., Newell, A., Leiserson, C., and Anirudh, G. The effect of large-scale algorithms on robotics. Tech. Rep. 918-11-9042, Devry Technical Institute, Feb. 2003. [7] Minsky, M., and Ritchie, D. Synthesizing IPv7 and kernels with Ova. Tech. Rep. 68-5727, UIUC, Oct. 1990. [8] Patterson, D., and Pnueli, A. Can: A methodology for the development of Voice-over-IP. Journal of Decentralized Methodologies 62 (Apr. 1992), 78-82. [9] Qian, P., Shastri, D., Welsh, M., sainadh mahraj, Kaashoek, M. F., and Shenker, S. The impact of stochastic algorithms on certifiable hardware and architecture. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Constant-Time, Cooperative Models (Feb. 2001). [10] Ramasubramanian, V. Authenticated, introspective, interposable methodologies. Journal of Trainable Algorithms 59 (Sept. 2005), 81-104. [11] Reddy, R. Deploying kernels and erasure coding with Arm. Journal of Extensible, Game-Theoretic Modalities 94 (Apr. 2003), 72-97. [12] Sasaki, D., Codd, E., Perlis, A., and Yao, A. Distributed theory. TOCS 99 (Mar. 1999), 43-52. [13] Wilkinson, J., and Lamport, L. Optimal information for RPCs. In Proceedings of the WWW Conference (June 1998). Research Papers on 2 Bit Architectures Considered HarmfulOpen Architechture a white paperThe Project Managment Office SystemBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaResearch Process Part OneStandardized Testing

Anthropology of Tattoos

He repeated this several times as a ceremonial pot was filled with gathering soot from the burning fire. After the artist finished his tedious design, he rubbed soot from the pot bottom deep into the slits, planting the bacteria that would infect the skin, raising the scars into their meaningful design. She felt accomplished that she withstood the agonizing pain while other members of her clan could not. Her newly inherited body art signified the birth of her first son, and left her with a renewed sense of beauty. This is the way of life common to people indigenous to the motherland of Africa. Scarification, however, is not the only form of body art that is used. Body painting, tattooing, and branding are all similar forms of body art, which can be found in Africa and other cultures throughout the world. The word â€Å"tattoo† comes from the Tahitian word â€Å"tattau†, which means â€Å"to mark†. Tattoos have evolved from being symbols of punishment that were given to identify criminals and slaves in the early ninth-century Chinese culture, into a pop-culture trend of using he skin as â€Å"a way of describing the exotic uncivilized other† within ourselves (Schildkrout 2004:324). For centuries, the body has been used as a â€Å"visible way of defining individual identity and cultural difference† (Schildkrout 2004:319). This cultural difference becomes apparent when studying the evolution of body art over time, especially when focusing on the differences between the Western and Non-Western cultures. People have been adorning their body with tattoos and piercing for centuries, but until recently, the thought of tattoos in ancient Egypt had been pushed aside. It has now been discovered that, without a doubt, tattoos did exist in that time period. Although miniscule, a group of enormously important tattooed mummies serve to help prove this point (Bianchi 1988:21). The first mummy to be discovered was one f a woman named Amunet, whose mummy was found in an excellent state of preservation, â€Å"most likely due to the fact that she served as a priestess of the goddess Harthor at Thebes during Dynasty XI†(Bianchi 1988:22). The tattoos on her body were comprised of a pattern of dots and dashes in an elliptical shape on her lower abdomen. The thighs and arms adorned the identical parallel lines of the aforementioned pattern. Two more women mummies, who were discovered and believed to be from the same time period, also had similar tattoos on their lower abdomen (Bianchi 1988:22). This group of woman represents an exclusive group of Egyptians who received tattoos in that time period, because there is no other evidence that shows tattoos to be a part of the Egyptian culture until the time of the Middle Kingdom. These abstract patterns associated with ritualistic tattooing survived into the New Kingdom. The Egyptians, more then likely, borrowed a form of tattooing from the Nubian civilization. Unlike the Nubians, whose purpose for tattooing is unknown, â€Å"the Egyptians appear to have regarded the tattoo as one of several vehicles by which the procreative powers of the deceased could be revived† (Bianchi 1988:27). Substantiation proposes that only women were associated with the decorating of their bodies and the ritualistic activities that went along with it. The art of tattooing began with the grouping of bluish or black dots and/or dashes forming abstract geometric patterns; that system of body art lasted for over two thousand years in ancient Egypt. Just like other ideas and goods, the idea of tattooing began to travel to several different societies, and has evolved into extremely different forms of art all over the world. In northeastern Zambia, the Tabwa â€Å"once covered themselves from head to foot with scarification† (Roberts 1988:41). The women of the Tabwa began receiving elaborate marks on their face, chest, and backs when they were young girls; it sometimes was continued at other points in a woman’s life (Roberts 1988:43) such as courting rituals and for woman wishing to bear a child. Male sculptors would trace designs and make incisions on the lesser intimate parts of the body; they left the rest for the women to do. ‘Tabwa women used razors to slit skin [that had been] plucked up with a fishhook or arrowhead. These incisions were then rubbed with soot from a pot bottom, an irritant that produced the desired raised cicatrices† (Roberts 1988:44). There were several reasons that this tradition was done, different to every age and gender in the tribe. Young women went through this process in order to achieve a state of perfection, which was required for those wanting to marry and have children (Roberts 1988:45). Scarification is a form of body art that was used in several tribes because according to their customs â€Å"beauty is not physically innate, but rather a function of the girl’s inscriptions† (Roberts 1988:45). Not only the Tabwa, scarification was used in such tribes as the Ga’anda and the Tiv; all the tribes have distinctly different purposes for doing this, but the process and effect of the body are the same. Another form of body art is body painting, which the people of the Southeast Nuba begin at a young age; but the meanings, and time frame from when they begin decorating the body are very different between males and females. The males paint themselves from the ages of 12 to 27 (Faris 1988:31). Typically, they only paint during the down time after the harvest season and before the next years planting begins. This is the time that the males are less involved in mandatory and productive activities; they spend their supplementary time with festive activities such as dance and sport participation. The restrictions placed on the men by their age, most importantly deal with the color that they use on their body—for example â€Å" only the older age groups are eligible to use the greatest elaboration in color, including the deep black and yellow [colors, that are] prohibited to younger grades†(Faris 1988:32). The change in elaboration allowed on the body does not coincide with any physiological changes, rather, it corresponds with changes â€Å"in productive status or sport† (Faris 1988:32). As they move up in grades from young laborers that answer to the elders, to mature men that own their own property, farm and family, their elaborate painting ability increases. The elders though, do not decorate their bodies; rather, they delegate and lead rituals for the younger men and enforce the rules of allowed color use. Therefore, the male body painting shows their progression thru ones life stages. The women of Southeast Nuba, â€Å"from the age of six years, until consummation of marriage, oil and ochre [their bodies] daily, in colors [that are] appropriate to their patri-clan section† (Faris 1988:34). After childbirth, they may continue to wear some oil and ochre on their shoulders. The personal body art of women is strictly related to the physiological changes that occur as a women goes through life, and are fixed around body scarification as a way of showing her changes. A woman’s scarification is so important, that â€Å"if a husband refuses to pay for a scarring specialist, a woman may seek a lover who will do so, and her first marriage will end† (Faris 1988:35). Unlike the males elaborate body art, a woman’s body art is simple, but it accumulates over her life-span and is very standardized, while a male’s body art is constantly changing. Body painting, tattooing and scarification thus far had been tools used by individuals to beautify their body and elevate their status within their tribe; this is not the case with all societies. In several other cultures, tattoos have been used in a form of branding, which is quite the opposite. Though tattooing and branding are â€Å"similar in that both involve the insertion of pigments under the skin to create permanent marks†, branding is implemented in order to lower an individuals status, to punish for crimes committed, to identify slaves, but most importantly, to eliminate personal identity (Schildkrout 2004:323). â€Å"The immutable alteration of human skin by branding needs to be considered in relation to, but ought not be confused with, tattooing† (Bianchi 1988:27). Two recent studies originating in South Africa elaborate on this subject, reporting on the political influence of tattooing â€Å"as a means of social control† (Schildkrout 2004:330). They site examples from Zambia in which a medical practitioner travels around to villages â€Å"in which witch craft accusations have been common†¦to inoculate people against people against witch craft† (Schildkrout 2004:331). The villagers would â€Å"submit to bodily inspections†, they were then treated â€Å"by getting numbers tattooed on their arms† (Schildkrout 2004:331). This is disturbingly reminiscent of Nazi concentration camps when an unfathomable number of Jewish people lost their personal identities and became known as only a number in the system to be disposed of. This â€Å"symbolic denial of personhood† served as a system â€Å"of control and surveillance† (Schildkrout 2004:323). This system of control was also imposed by â€Å"authoritarian regimes† in Southeast Asia (Schildkrout 2004:323). The Zhou and Ming Dynasties branded criminals as a form of punishment with â€Å"extensive, often full-body tattoos, with elaborate pictorial imagery as well as written inscriptions† (Schildkrout 2004:324) portraying their crime. This form of tattooing is definitely contrary to traditional methods. Similarly in Brazil, branding was used to mark convicts by the penal authorities. Penal tattoos derived their power from subjugation of the marked convicts. The humiliation of being visibly branded was a significant component of the convict’s punishment. In an act of resistance, those that had been branded â€Å"were known to reclaim their bodies by writing over the inscriptions or by displaying them in new social situations† (Schildkrout 2004:324). The branded, therefore, became the empowered, restoring the function of the tattoo to being personally-motivated. This personal motivation is perhaps most notable in Western cultures, specifically North America. In America, the Native Americans used body painting in many ways, usually connected with ethnic identity, social roles or marital status (Rubin 1988:179). The Natives also used the body as a canvas in ritualistic ceremonies, on warriors going into battle and for the beautification of their women. When the Europeans discovered America, they brought with them slaves from Africa and they introduced branding of the slaves into the American culture. After the civil war, when the slaves had been freed, branding was still embedded in American culture through groups of people including gang members and convicts. Though â€Å"branding is often associated with involuntary marking and the denial of personhood†, it has also â€Å"been adopted in contemporary Western body culture as an assertion of group identity, for example in college fraternities† (Schildkrout 2004:323). Tattoos were also prevalent in other parts of America, including Alaska. Among the Eskimos â€Å"[t]he function of these art forms [was] – essentially manifesting one’s place or role within the hierarchy of hunting life† (Gritton 1988:190). With the introduction and adaptation of the western civilization in Alaskan culture, â€Å"the marks of a hunter or hunter’s wife served no purpose in their new lives and were understandably abandoned† (Gritton 1988:190). The function of body art and tattooing has been Americanized, evolving from its native origins to incorporate self expression. This self expression has mushroomed from a manor of identifying oneself to a way of gaining attention through shock value. Though ever-changing, all forms of body art mentioned play enormous roles in the lives of people. Certain non-Western cultures are based around the ability to use skin as a visible way of defining status or bettering their self-image, in order to attract companions. So the artists who are allowed to perform the act of adorning bodies with different designs are regarded as having a very important place in the society. They are â€Å"scarring specialist† (Faris 1988:35), â€Å"body artists† (Drewal 1988:84), but most importantly, they are known as â€Å"[the] one-who-creates- art† (Drewal 1988:84). In the non-Native American culture, however, the general attitude towards tattoo artist in present-day American culture is less than appreciative. Extreme critics even characterize tattooist as opportunist, exclusively seeking monetary gain (Sanders 1988:229). â€Å"The tattooist interest in artistry and control is often in conflict with his profit orientation†, revealing the major flaw within the American society (Sanders 1988:229). This is the major difference in western and non-western cultures. Body tattoos in western society are an object to be purchased. Americans obtain tattoos in the same manner that they acquire a new Louis Vuitton handbag. They purchase them as accessories, which is in stark contrast to the non-western cultures, who acquire tattoos as an essential ritual in their society. With this is mind, the process in which American’s purchases body art seems slightly ridiculous. Tattoo artists often complain of the unwillingness of customers to spend the quoted amount of money for â€Å"a tattoo [they] are going to wear for the rest of [their] life† (Sanders 1988:229). It is more acceptable in American culture to invest in short term materialistic purchases, therefore the legitimate tattoo artists are constantly being monitored and regimented under strict laws imposed by the government. Despite the absurdity of the purchasing process, the reasoning that propels the American society to obtain tattoos is just as flawed. Some reasons people give to explain permanently marking their skin include, â€Å"they were drunk, it’s a macho thing, to fit in with a crowd or even worse, for no reason at all† (DeMello 1995:42). Western society seems to have a complete disregard for the spiritual origins of body art. Tattoo artist are even witness to clients’ apathy, avoiding â€Å"working on people who are obviously under the influence of alcohol† (Sanders 1988:225). Where once there was a ceremonious celebration deeply rooted in spiritualism, in American society the only ritualistic ceremony is the receiving of a piece of paper on how to care for the recently acquired body art. This apathetic attitude of Americans is perhaps derived from the renouncing majority of the population. This bias stems from â€Å"very early ‘regulations’ [including] Moses’ remarks in Leviticus 19:28 forbidding any cuttings in the flesh or the printing of any marks† (Armstrong 2005:39). Since tattoos â€Å"were not sanctioned by the church† the profile for the tattooed archetype became unconventional (Schildkrout 2004:325). Christian belief has been adapted to the masses, forcing those who are tattooed into rebellion. The majority of people adopting body art include â€Å"bikers, convicts, and other ‘low lives’† (DeMello 1995:40). In Western society â€Å"the idea that the unmarked body as a sign of God’s work was linked to the Protestant reformation† and â€Å"the idea that body markings were a sign of savagery goes back even earlier† ( Schildkrout 2004:324). This is ironic considering tattoos in earlier cultures signified positions of high status. Perhaps the only entity that ties these drastic cultures together is the desire to increase their inherited beauty. â€Å"If the body is – metaphorically – a site of inscription to various degrees for various theorist, then cosmetic surgery can be seen, at one level, as an example of the literal and explicit enactment of this process of inscription† ( Schildkrout 2004:320), which is also seen in the aforementioned tribes with the rituals of scarification. DeMello also agrees that along with tattooing and piericing, that cosmetic surgery is seen as a form of â€Å"body modification† (DeMello 1995:37). â€Å"Not only does the tattooed skin negotiate between the individual and society and between different social groups, but also mediates relations between persons and spirits, the human and the divine† (Schildkrout 2004:321). Body art is a tradition that extends throughout the barriers of the world and although the forms in which they are found may be different, the idea of using your body as a canvas is universal. Although recently, several anthropologists agreed and have begun to examine body art more closely, looking at it â€Å"as a microcosm of society† (Schildkrout 2004:328), Roberts still believes that â€Å"there can be no ultimate explanation of symbolism† (Roberts 1988:51). He claims that â€Å"the blazes on trees in the Ndembu forest will remain many years after their purpose and meaning are forgotten. So it is with other inscriptions† (Roberts 1988:51). This is exemplified in the woman who endured the agonizing pain of her scarification to instigate a new chapter in her life. Nevertheless, soon after her body is placed into the ground, her skin will no longer be a visible indication of who she once was. She will become a memory and her body will no longer be used as a canvas. Anthropology of Tattoos He repeated this several times as a ceremonial pot was filled with gathering soot from the burning fire. After the artist finished his tedious design, he rubbed soot from the pot bottom deep into the slits, planting the bacteria that would infect the skin, raising the scars into their meaningful design. She felt accomplished that she withstood the agonizing pain while other members of her clan could not. Her newly inherited body art signified the birth of her first son, and left her with a renewed sense of beauty. This is the way of life common to people indigenous to the motherland of Africa. Scarification, however, is not the only form of body art that is used. Body painting, tattooing, and branding are all similar forms of body art, which can be found in Africa and other cultures throughout the world. The word â€Å"tattoo† comes from the Tahitian word â€Å"tattau†, which means â€Å"to mark†. Tattoos have evolved from being symbols of punishment that were given to identify criminals and slaves in the early ninth-century Chinese culture, into a pop-culture trend of using he skin as â€Å"a way of describing the exotic uncivilized other† within ourselves (Schildkrout 2004:324). For centuries, the body has been used as a â€Å"visible way of defining individual identity and cultural difference† (Schildkrout 2004:319). This cultural difference becomes apparent when studying the evolution of body art over time, especially when focusing on the differences between the Western and Non-Western cultures. People have been adorning their body with tattoos and piercing for centuries, but until recently, the thought of tattoos in ancient Egypt had been pushed aside. It has now been discovered that, without a doubt, tattoos did exist in that time period. Although miniscule, a group of enormously important tattooed mummies serve to help prove this point (Bianchi 1988:21). The first mummy to be discovered was one f a woman named Amunet, whose mummy was found in an excellent state of preservation, â€Å"most likely due to the fact that she served as a priestess of the goddess Harthor at Thebes during Dynasty XI†(Bianchi 1988:22). The tattoos on her body were comprised of a pattern of dots and dashes in an elliptical shape on her lower abdomen. The thighs and arms adorned the identical parallel lines of the aforementioned pattern. Two more women mummies, who were discovered and believed to be from the same time period, also had similar tattoos on their lower abdomen (Bianchi 1988:22). This group of woman represents an exclusive group of Egyptians who received tattoos in that time period, because there is no other evidence that shows tattoos to be a part of the Egyptian culture until the time of the Middle Kingdom. These abstract patterns associated with ritualistic tattooing survived into the New Kingdom. The Egyptians, more then likely, borrowed a form of tattooing from the Nubian civilization. Unlike the Nubians, whose purpose for tattooing is unknown, â€Å"the Egyptians appear to have regarded the tattoo as one of several vehicles by which the procreative powers of the deceased could be revived† (Bianchi 1988:27). Substantiation proposes that only women were associated with the decorating of their bodies and the ritualistic activities that went along with it. The art of tattooing began with the grouping of bluish or black dots and/or dashes forming abstract geometric patterns; that system of body art lasted for over two thousand years in ancient Egypt. Just like other ideas and goods, the idea of tattooing began to travel to several different societies, and has evolved into extremely different forms of art all over the world. In northeastern Zambia, the Tabwa â€Å"once covered themselves from head to foot with scarification† (Roberts 1988:41). The women of the Tabwa began receiving elaborate marks on their face, chest, and backs when they were young girls; it sometimes was continued at other points in a woman’s life (Roberts 1988:43) such as courting rituals and for woman wishing to bear a child. Male sculptors would trace designs and make incisions on the lesser intimate parts of the body; they left the rest for the women to do. ‘Tabwa women used razors to slit skin [that had been] plucked up with a fishhook or arrowhead. These incisions were then rubbed with soot from a pot bottom, an irritant that produced the desired raised cicatrices† (Roberts 1988:44). There were several reasons that this tradition was done, different to every age and gender in the tribe. Young women went through this process in order to achieve a state of perfection, which was required for those wanting to marry and have children (Roberts 1988:45). Scarification is a form of body art that was used in several tribes because according to their customs â€Å"beauty is not physically innate, but rather a function of the girl’s inscriptions† (Roberts 1988:45). Not only the Tabwa, scarification was used in such tribes as the Ga’anda and the Tiv; all the tribes have distinctly different purposes for doing this, but the process and effect of the body are the same. Another form of body art is body painting, which the people of the Southeast Nuba begin at a young age; but the meanings, and time frame from when they begin decorating the body are very different between males and females. The males paint themselves from the ages of 12 to 27 (Faris 1988:31). Typically, they only paint during the down time after the harvest season and before the next years planting begins. This is the time that the males are less involved in mandatory and productive activities; they spend their supplementary time with festive activities such as dance and sport participation. The restrictions placed on the men by their age, most importantly deal with the color that they use on their body—for example â€Å" only the older age groups are eligible to use the greatest elaboration in color, including the deep black and yellow [colors, that are] prohibited to younger grades†(Faris 1988:32). The change in elaboration allowed on the body does not coincide with any physiological changes, rather, it corresponds with changes â€Å"in productive status or sport† (Faris 1988:32). As they move up in grades from young laborers that answer to the elders, to mature men that own their own property, farm and family, their elaborate painting ability increases. The elders though, do not decorate their bodies; rather, they delegate and lead rituals for the younger men and enforce the rules of allowed color use. Therefore, the male body painting shows their progression thru ones life stages. The women of Southeast Nuba, â€Å"from the age of six years, until consummation of marriage, oil and ochre [their bodies] daily, in colors [that are] appropriate to their patri-clan section† (Faris 1988:34). After childbirth, they may continue to wear some oil and ochre on their shoulders. The personal body art of women is strictly related to the physiological changes that occur as a women goes through life, and are fixed around body scarification as a way of showing her changes. A woman’s scarification is so important, that â€Å"if a husband refuses to pay for a scarring specialist, a woman may seek a lover who will do so, and her first marriage will end† (Faris 1988:35). Unlike the males elaborate body art, a woman’s body art is simple, but it accumulates over her life-span and is very standardized, while a male’s body art is constantly changing. Body painting, tattooing and scarification thus far had been tools used by individuals to beautify their body and elevate their status within their tribe; this is not the case with all societies. In several other cultures, tattoos have been used in a form of branding, which is quite the opposite. Though tattooing and branding are â€Å"similar in that both involve the insertion of pigments under the skin to create permanent marks†, branding is implemented in order to lower an individuals status, to punish for crimes committed, to identify slaves, but most importantly, to eliminate personal identity (Schildkrout 2004:323). â€Å"The immutable alteration of human skin by branding needs to be considered in relation to, but ought not be confused with, tattooing† (Bianchi 1988:27). Two recent studies originating in South Africa elaborate on this subject, reporting on the political influence of tattooing â€Å"as a means of social control† (Schildkrout 2004:330). They site examples from Zambia in which a medical practitioner travels around to villages â€Å"in which witch craft accusations have been common†¦to inoculate people against people against witch craft† (Schildkrout 2004:331). The villagers would â€Å"submit to bodily inspections†, they were then treated â€Å"by getting numbers tattooed on their arms† (Schildkrout 2004:331). This is disturbingly reminiscent of Nazi concentration camps when an unfathomable number of Jewish people lost their personal identities and became known as only a number in the system to be disposed of. This â€Å"symbolic denial of personhood† served as a system â€Å"of control and surveillance† (Schildkrout 2004:323). This system of control was also imposed by â€Å"authoritarian regimes† in Southeast Asia (Schildkrout 2004:323). The Zhou and Ming Dynasties branded criminals as a form of punishment with â€Å"extensive, often full-body tattoos, with elaborate pictorial imagery as well as written inscriptions† (Schildkrout 2004:324) portraying their crime. This form of tattooing is definitely contrary to traditional methods. Similarly in Brazil, branding was used to mark convicts by the penal authorities. Penal tattoos derived their power from subjugation of the marked convicts. The humiliation of being visibly branded was a significant component of the convict’s punishment. In an act of resistance, those that had been branded â€Å"were known to reclaim their bodies by writing over the inscriptions or by displaying them in new social situations† (Schildkrout 2004:324). The branded, therefore, became the empowered, restoring the function of the tattoo to being personally-motivated. This personal motivation is perhaps most notable in Western cultures, specifically North America. In America, the Native Americans used body painting in many ways, usually connected with ethnic identity, social roles or marital status (Rubin 1988:179). The Natives also used the body as a canvas in ritualistic ceremonies, on warriors going into battle and for the beautification of their women. When the Europeans discovered America, they brought with them slaves from Africa and they introduced branding of the slaves into the American culture. After the civil war, when the slaves had been freed, branding was still embedded in American culture through groups of people including gang members and convicts. Though â€Å"branding is often associated with involuntary marking and the denial of personhood†, it has also â€Å"been adopted in contemporary Western body culture as an assertion of group identity, for example in college fraternities† (Schildkrout 2004:323). Tattoos were also prevalent in other parts of America, including Alaska. Among the Eskimos â€Å"[t]he function of these art forms [was] – essentially manifesting one’s place or role within the hierarchy of hunting life† (Gritton 1988:190). With the introduction and adaptation of the western civilization in Alaskan culture, â€Å"the marks of a hunter or hunter’s wife served no purpose in their new lives and were understandably abandoned† (Gritton 1988:190). The function of body art and tattooing has been Americanized, evolving from its native origins to incorporate self expression. This self expression has mushroomed from a manor of identifying oneself to a way of gaining attention through shock value. Though ever-changing, all forms of body art mentioned play enormous roles in the lives of people. Certain non-Western cultures are based around the ability to use skin as a visible way of defining status or bettering their self-image, in order to attract companions. So the artists who are allowed to perform the act of adorning bodies with different designs are regarded as having a very important place in the society. They are â€Å"scarring specialist† (Faris 1988:35), â€Å"body artists† (Drewal 1988:84), but most importantly, they are known as â€Å"[the] one-who-creates- art† (Drewal 1988:84). In the non-Native American culture, however, the general attitude towards tattoo artist in present-day American culture is less than appreciative. Extreme critics even characterize tattooist as opportunist, exclusively seeking monetary gain (Sanders 1988:229). â€Å"The tattooist interest in artistry and control is often in conflict with his profit orientation†, revealing the major flaw within the American society (Sanders 1988:229). This is the major difference in western and non-western cultures. Body tattoos in western society are an object to be purchased. Americans obtain tattoos in the same manner that they acquire a new Louis Vuitton handbag. They purchase them as accessories, which is in stark contrast to the non-western cultures, who acquire tattoos as an essential ritual in their society. With this is mind, the process in which American’s purchases body art seems slightly ridiculous. Tattoo artists often complain of the unwillingness of customers to spend the quoted amount of money for â€Å"a tattoo [they] are going to wear for the rest of [their] life† (Sanders 1988:229). It is more acceptable in American culture to invest in short term materialistic purchases, therefore the legitimate tattoo artists are constantly being monitored and regimented under strict laws imposed by the government. Despite the absurdity of the purchasing process, the reasoning that propels the American society to obtain tattoos is just as flawed. Some reasons people give to explain permanently marking their skin include, â€Å"they were drunk, it’s a macho thing, to fit in with a crowd or even worse, for no reason at all† (DeMello 1995:42). Western society seems to have a complete disregard for the spiritual origins of body art. Tattoo artist are even witness to clients’ apathy, avoiding â€Å"working on people who are obviously under the influence of alcohol† (Sanders 1988:225). Where once there was a ceremonious celebration deeply rooted in spiritualism, in American society the only ritualistic ceremony is the receiving of a piece of paper on how to care for the recently acquired body art. This apathetic attitude of Americans is perhaps derived from the renouncing majority of the population. This bias stems from â€Å"very early ‘regulations’ [including] Moses’ remarks in Leviticus 19:28 forbidding any cuttings in the flesh or the printing of any marks† (Armstrong 2005:39). Since tattoos â€Å"were not sanctioned by the church† the profile for the tattooed archetype became unconventional (Schildkrout 2004:325). Christian belief has been adapted to the masses, forcing those who are tattooed into rebellion. The majority of people adopting body art include â€Å"bikers, convicts, and other ‘low lives’† (DeMello 1995:40). In Western society â€Å"the idea that the unmarked body as a sign of God’s work was linked to the Protestant reformation† and â€Å"the idea that body markings were a sign of savagery goes back even earlier† ( Schildkrout 2004:324). This is ironic considering tattoos in earlier cultures signified positions of high status. Perhaps the only entity that ties these drastic cultures together is the desire to increase their inherited beauty. â€Å"If the body is – metaphorically – a site of inscription to various degrees for various theorist, then cosmetic surgery can be seen, at one level, as an example of the literal and explicit enactment of this process of inscription† ( Schildkrout 2004:320), which is also seen in the aforementioned tribes with the rituals of scarification. DeMello also agrees that along with tattooing and piericing, that cosmetic surgery is seen as a form of â€Å"body modification† (DeMello 1995:37). â€Å"Not only does the tattooed skin negotiate between the individual and society and between different social groups, but also mediates relations between persons and spirits, the human and the divine† (Schildkrout 2004:321). Body art is a tradition that extends throughout the barriers of the world and although the forms in which they are found may be different, the idea of using your body as a canvas is universal. Although recently, several anthropologists agreed and have begun to examine body art more closely, looking at it â€Å"as a microcosm of society† (Schildkrout 2004:328), Roberts still believes that â€Å"there can be no ultimate explanation of symbolism† (Roberts 1988:51). He claims that â€Å"the blazes on trees in the Ndembu forest will remain many years after their purpose and meaning are forgotten. So it is with other inscriptions† (Roberts 1988:51). This is exemplified in the woman who endured the agonizing pain of her scarification to instigate a new chapter in her life. Nevertheless, soon after her body is placed into the ground, her skin will no longer be a visible indication of who she once was. She will become a memory and her body will no longer be used as a canvas.

Case study on Nokia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Case study on Nokia - Essay Example Situation Analysis Market Analysis According to Informa Telecoms & Media, the global mobile phone sales are going to decline sharply in the next 5 years. The forecast says that total sales will be down by as much as 14% all around the world. Previously the expectation was that 7.43 billion devices would be purchased between 2011 and 2013; however that figure was lowered down to 6.39 billion. This downturn in the sales of mobile devices will be a major reason for handset manufacturers to turn their attention to the smartphone market, in order to maintain and increase the targeted sales value. Company Analysis Nokia provides cellular phone communication apparatus for all critical market, including WCDMA, GSM and CDMA. Its recent venture into the smartphone industry has been somewhat mediocre. However, the organisation began as a manufacturer of pulp, rubber and cable. The organisation was founded by Fredrick Idestam in the year 1865. The company has strong research and development activities in over 10 countries and device manufacturing units in nine countries. The company sells its products in more than 150 countries around the globe. Product Line Analysis The current product line analysis of Nokia is: Nokia Lumia Nokia Lumia is an innovative new venture of Nokia in partnership with Windows. The UK market currently has the models 800 and 710. The models have features like instant updates, super-fast mobile internet and innovative design. Smartphones Nokia’s Smartphones consists of business tools, social tools and navigation systems. It includes real time emails, calendar and document sharing features, sharing files in social networking sites, and most importantly GPS navigation systems. Symbian Belle The Nokia 700 and 600 are categorised under the Symbian Belle consisting of eye catching design, NFC sharing, faster browsing, six home screens, live widgets and pull down taskbar. Mobile Phones Other than Smartphones the general products can be typed based on features like touch, type, touch and type and keyboard. There is the E series, Asha range, C series, X series and N series. Accessories This consists of NFC sharing Bluetooth, cases and covers and travel in-car equipment. Customer Analysis Nokia is the largest manufacturer of mobile phones in the world. The success of handset manufacturers amidst this high rate of competition depends on successful market segmentation. Following are the segmentation variables of Nokia: Hi-fliers-This segment is concerned with the business executives and corporate honchos for whom cell phones are a device to co-ordinate and increase efficiency and productivity if business. In most cases

Business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 10

Business law - Essay Example While the determination of the causes of the collapse of corporate organizations is fundamental, courts discourage the filing of such cases by either the shareholders or creditors. The decision by courts to adopt the cautionary approach to such cases arises from a policy that seeks to protect the interest of the entire industry. Such subsequent claims undermine the future of the entire industry owing to the large volumes of indeterminate liabilities. After the collapse of a company, it becomes difficult to quantify the actual investment of every financer. Most of such organizations lose their assets a feature that makes it difficult for investigations to determine the actual liability the organization owes every investor. This has a negative influence on both the industry and the economy since auditors will subsequently withhold their services2. As explained earlier, quantifying unknown liabilities discourages the participation of auditors of will not trace such liabilities. The policy therefore seeks to protect the interests of all the stakeholders in the industry3. Various companies have collapsed through scandalous ways in Australia among other markets throughout the world. In the legal tussles that ensued after the collapse of such companies, the courts maintained integral view often seeking to cushion the various publics from incurring major financial loses4. Auditors have integral responsibilities in the evaluating and quantifying the amount of financial loses all the parties incur. However, the decisions of the courts vary depending on the unique features presented by every case. Ansett Australia, once a major airline company in Australia collapsed in 2002 following a series of unwarranted market forces. The company began incurring losses in 1999 following unscrupulous operations thereby prompting the courts to

Kupor :: essays research papers

In Texas politics, one of the most important things to understand is the iron triangle. The iron triangle figuratively symbolizes the relationship between interest groups, the bureaucracy, and legislative committees. Each of the three entities is at a corner of the triangle. It is regarded as an accurate representation of the way in which many routine policy decisions are made. The interest group is at the top, the bureaucracy is at the bottom left, and the legislative committee is at the bottom right. Starting at the interest group and going clockwise, the interest group provides the bureaucracy with information and support for agency budget. The bureaucracy provides the legislative committee with information. The legislative committee provides the interest group with legislation. Going counter-clockwise, the interest group provides the legislative committee with campaign contributions and information. The legislative committee provides the bureaucracy with legislation and budget s upport. The bureaucracy provides the interest group with rules and regulations. An example is the interest group being from the oil and gas industry, the bureaucracy is the railroad commission, and any committee. The lobbyists from the oil and gas industry send campaign contributions and information to the committee. Information could be about anything from supply and demand to turnover rates. The committee sends legislation and budget support to the commission, which are money and rules on how to regulate the oil and gas industry. The rules and regulations are then sent up to the interest group from the industry. The other way, the industry lobbyists send information and support to the commission, which sends the information to the committee, which then sends legislation to the industry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The process of co-optation is closely related to this iron triangle. Co-optation is defined as the transition from guardian of the public interest to defenders of private interests. This happens for three reasons. First, once a regulatory agency is established, the public tends to lose interest. Second, the regulators tend to come from the industry being regulated, bringing with them the industry’s perspective and bias as opposed to the public interest. Third, regulators have personal relationships with representatives from the industry who are generous to members of the agency. Basically, the regulatory agencies come to represent the interest of the industry they were created to control as opposed to the public interest. The part of the iron triangle where this occurs is where the interest group sends the agency information and support.

My Life Without Me †Individuality in conflict with societal roles Essay

Sacrificing one’s own options and choices in life, making decisions based on the role of being a good parent and aiming to advance future generations by renouncing own opportunities are ideals that have sustained in many cultures. But why is there a stronger emphasis on fulfilling societal roles and sacrificing own interests to fulfil such norms, if individualisation is such a high value in modern, especially western, society? There are dire consequences for society when people sacrifice their own self-fulfilment in order to fulfil obligations that have been thrust upon them. In the first few moments of My Life Without Me (Coixet 2003) Ann explains the problem with the life that she has lived up to that point. As the title suggests, she has lived it without her self: she explains who she is, as if realising for the first time that she actually exists and is a real person, a character. Ann is merely 23 years old and has lived her life up to the expectations that have been forced upon her: she gets pregnant with 17 and from then on she is but a mother and a wife and the main breadwinner of her family. In western modern society the concept of individualisation as the social advancement of individual ideals, autonomy, freedom and the pursuit of happiness is repeatedly referred to as one of the most important rights an individual has. In addition, an increase in the legitimacy and postulation of individual self-realisation and the cultivation of individual originality has taken place (Willems 2012: 147). With Ann we are shown an example of the problem that occurs, when there is a plain conflict of interest between the roles that have been sprung upon an individual, such as the role of a mother, even at merely 17, and the development of an individual identity, self-realisation and pursuing ones own personal interests. Even in the list of the ten things Ann wishes to do before she dies, her priorities are clear: the first half of the list are all things immediately associated with her role in her family. The things she wants to do for herself come last. In one scene, when she is asked in a bar what her favourite music is, she starts by saying she hasn’t listened to music in a long time, and that she used to like Nirvana. Immediately she drifts off to talking about how she met her husband there. She isn’t able to say what her favourite music is now, because she has ceased to do anything for herself. Ann, as an individual, faces society, while the society is made entirely out of individuals that have norms and expectations. If one considers these two components separately and ignores the context and reciprocal relationship, one creates an unbridgeable gap, which can lead to problems in the analysis of Ann’s character and the conflict she finds herself in. If one takes into consideration Ann’s circumstances, it becomes clear that Ann lives in Canada and finds herself in a religious society, that does not accept abortion for example as a given privilege and choice. When she realises she is pregnant at 17, it is obvious that she must get married, assume her role as a mother and must prioritise this role over all else. As Marcuse describes, two manifestations of the individual have developed in recent history, and although they are related to each other reciprocally, this dichotomy leads to a conflict in society. First, there is a tendency towards the development of a free individual and intellectual subject, and on the other hand there is the development of a free economic subject in free competition. A separation occurs between the struggle of the individual for his autonomy and the development of his self, and, at the same time, in a fight for its existence. Ann is forced to work and provide for her family, while her autonomy is strongly compromised. She takes care of the children, fully assuming and prioritising that role, rather than pursuing or even having dreams of her own. This shows that there is not only pressure from society to survive and provide financially for herself and her family, but also a moral obligation to prioritise her role as a wife and mother. Ann does not become aware of the compromises she has made towards her own identity and individuality, until she knows she is going to die soon. Through the role she has assumed, her self-fulfilment and expression presenting her individuality have been compromised. This is the price she has to pay for fulfilling her material and moral obligation. Questionably, compromises like these have consequences for societal structures as well as for the individuals one finds therein. The film depicts a subtle answer to the question of what the consequences from such compromises and conflicts are. An important factor is that Ann never tells anyone she is going to die. She solves the conflict of interest in her life by living her up to her new-found individuality separate from her traditional family life. The integration of these two lives would be ever so filled with conflicts, that she decides to start living a double-life instead: one in which she lives up to the expectations and her role as a loving wife and mother and another in which she pursues all the things she feels she has missed out on, like smoking, drinking and sleeping with another man. These two currents are not reconcilable. Another consequence is that Ann has very concrete plans for how the life of the others should go on, once she is gone. She acts manipulatively, by trying to introduce her husband to a woman she thinks should take her place, or by recording birthday messages for her children and advising them on how to act. Though one sympathises with Ann as a loving mother and wife that wants the best for her family even after she is gone, it seems paternalistic. While it seems selfless and kind of her to want her husband to have a nice children-loving companion when she is gone, the way she chooses someone over his head and manipulates the situation without his knowledge or his say to the matter, seems downright scheming and even patronising. While it is beautiful and touching of her to record all the messages for her childrens’ birthdays for them, it seems like she does not only have loving and encouraging words to stay, but is much rather trying to influence them on how to act and to behave in the future. It seems like the price she has paid in fulfilling her role, rather than indulging her own self, has had this effect on her. This very much reminds me of the sacrifices that many parents make for the next generations to come, especially of young immigrants, that wish for a better life for their children. Parents, as the first reference of what is right and wrong and important, influence their children strongly, especially in respect to education and how to determine their life. A mediation of the parents’ culture on to the children takes place and while the participatory influence parents have is hard to measure and define, it is obvious that a lot of elements in the behaviour of second-generation immigrants can be accounted to their parents (Farsi 2013: 100 ff. ). These parents sacrifice their home country and the fulfilment of their own dreams and individuality, in order to fulfil the obligation that has been thrust upon them: to provide the best chances and education they can for their children. While these intentions, like the intentions of Ann, are noble and entrenched with morality, the outcome is often paternalism. If one sacrifices self-realisation, self-fulfilment and the expression of ones own individuality for the role of being a great parent, the outcome is often a paternalistic attitude towards the pursuit of the rest of the family, especially the children. Furthermore when Ann knows she will die and leave her family, she knows she will lose her influence on them, which is why she decides to influence them as much as she can before, and ensure that her daughters and her husband live their life the way she thinks they should. The influence of parents that are immigrants lessens when the are in a different atmosphere and culture. The values they have been brought up with often get lost in western society, especially when they come from a middle eastern background. Much like Ann’s death, that will eliminate her influence on her family, it seems the influence of cultural values also â€Å"dies† once the environment is changed by the removal and replacement through modern western societal values. The stand-up comedian Amir K. explains this matter in his sketch on his father (K. 2011). The reason the audience appreciates and laughs about his performance, lies in the woeful cliche of the portrayal of his father. He depicts the disappointment of a typical middle eastern father who shouts at his son for pursuing a career in a path he does not deem appropriate, in his case stand-up comedy. He quotes his father in saying â€Å"You waste of education, waste of my money† or â€Å"You’re a fucking clown? I brought you to this country to be a clown? You can be a lawyer, you can be a doctor, you can open up a bank†¦ [but instead you choose a career in comedy]†. The reason especially young immigrants of the second generation can laugh at this is because it is so common for parents to have paternalistic expectations towards the career paths and norms and values that their children should live by. Similar to the case of Ann, it seems that the sacrifice of their own individuality for their role as a good parent, and the loss of their influence on the other hand, could lead to such a paternalistic attitude and the attempt to manipulate and coerce their values and their idea of how the children should live their lives. While I do not wish to condemn Ann’s love and care for her children, just like the sacrifices immigrant parents make for future generations, one must take into consideration that when dynamics of society thrust roles onto individuals that imply sacrifice of ones own self for the well-being of another and giving up the pursuit of one’s own expression of individuality, problematic, paternalistic relationships can occur. What begins as a well-intended sacrifice out of love, could end in a relationship in which choosing ones own path is something that none of the parties involved can pursue without a feeling of guilt. Bibliography Farsi, Armand (2013): Migranten auf dem Weg zur Elite? Zum Berufserfolg von Akademikern mit Migrationshintergrund. Online-Ausg. : Berlin [u. a. ] : Springer, 2013. DOI: 10. 1007/978-3-658-01564-0 Marcuse, Herbert (1970): Ideen zu einer kritischen Theorie der Gesellschaft. Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt am Main Willems, Herbert (2012): Synthetische Soziologie – Idee, Entwurf und Programm. VS Verlag fur Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden Internetquellen: K. , Amir (2011): Middle Eastern Dad. http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=JCxMWWf4_Ww Seen 24. 11. 13 20:11.